2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide

Semiconductor-mediated photocatalysis has received tremendous attention as it holds great promise to address the worldwide energy and environmental issues. To overcome the serious drawbacks of fast charge recombination and the limited visible-light absorption of semiconductor photocatalysts, many strategies have been developed in the past few decades and the most widely used one is to develop photocatalytic heterojunctions. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of heterojunction photocatalysts, such as the semiconductor–semiconductor heterojunction, the semiconductor–metal heterojunction, the semiconductor–carbon heterojunction and the multicomponent heterojunction. The photocatalytic properties of the four junction systems are also discussed in relation to the environmental and energy applications, such as degradation of pollutants, hydrogen generation and photocatalytic disinfection. This tutorial review ends with a summary and some perspectives on the challenges and new directions in this exciting and still emerging area of research.

Semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts: design, construction, and photocatalytic performances

and Fuels Changzhi Li,† Xiaochen Zhao,† Aiqin Wang,† George W. Huber,†,‡ and Tao Zhang*,† †State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment

Coals and other forms of solid carbonaceous fossil fuel are oxidised to oxides of carbon at the anode of an electrochemical cell and hydrogen is produced at the cathode, these gases being produced in relatively pure states. The reaction proceeds at very mild temperatures and at operating electrical potentials significantly lower than the thermodynamic potential of water electrolysis. Although the reaction is readily observable at room temperature, the observed activation energies and the expected decomposition temperatures of the presumed intermediates suggest that much more rapid and steadier oxidation rates might be achieved at higher temperatures in the range 200–600 °C.

Hydrogen production from coal, water and electrons

Selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide over supported silver catalysts is not only one of the very few uses of that element as n catalyst of industrial importance, it also has been the basis for the manufacture of an important chemical intermediate that underlies the large glycol industry as well as the manufacture of a varied array of solvents and related chemical materials, The chemical reactions offer a classical example of selectivity for partial oxidation to ethylene oxide versus complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water

Oxidation of Ethylene over Silver: Adsorption, Kinetics, Catalyst

Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Limestone and the Influence of Pore Structure

Dichloromethane photodegradation using titanium catalysts

Chitosan, a polyglucosamine, can be formed by de-acetylating chitin, a major structural component of crustacean shells. Crab shell particles were treated and deacetylated to elaborate chitosan on their outer peripheries. Experimental data and an approximate preliminary economic analysis are presented to show the potential of using treated crab shell waste for purifying electroplating rinsewater. This approach is compared with currently used precipitation technology for removing metal ions.

Robert W. Coughlin

Papers

Hydrogen production from coal, water and electrons

Oxidation of Ethylene over Silver: Adsorption, Kinetics, Catalyst

Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Limestone and the Influence of Pore Structure

Dichloromethane photodegradation using titanium catalysts

Chitosan in crab shell wastes purifies electroplating wastewater