Gendered Violence: Jewish Women in the Pogroms of 1917 to 1921

This essay reexamines the role of empirical research in scholarship on spectators. Within the context of political debates in the UK about cultural value and, in particular, the value of the performing arts in relation to other claims on public funding, it reports on attempts to counter the historical battle between instrumental and intrinsic value with new information on what spectators actually value in their theatregoing experiences. After reviewing public-policy debates with regard to these questions, the essay moves on to describe a research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council during 2013–14 on “Theatre Spectatorship and Value Attribution” (TSVA). The objectives of TSVA were to drill down into audience experiences of attending theatre, focusing on phenomenological self-description and analysis in order to understand how those specific experiences were valued (or not) by spectators. The Royal Shakespeare Company, the Young Vic, and the Theatre Royal Plymouth (Drum) collaborated with researchers to study spectators in relation to fourteen productions. Surveys, structured interviews, and creative workshops were employed to collect the data. TVSA also investigated whether changes occur in audience spectators’ thinking about their theatre experience over time. The project found that sociality is interwoven with value in theatre experiences, and that social interaction, stimulating thought, and connections to spectators’ lives and the world are deeply valued attributes of the sample. The essay concludes with an appraisal of the research results and suggestions for future research that would combine empirical with analytic methods.

What UK Spectators Know: Understanding How We Come to Value Theatre

The Absence That Is Present: Civil War Photography. 1862-2015

Since animation has been widely incorporated into educational media, there is a need to better understand the effect of animation in educational practice. Adopting Vygotsky's notion in the Media ZPD Model, this study is to investigate the use of animation as a tool for concept learning. The design includes two independent variables: Presentation Method (Animation, Stillvisuals, and No-visuals) and Audio Mode (Audio and Silent). Combining the two independent variables yields six different treatments. Through randomization, 144 5th-graders were assigned to one of the six treatment groups. In the experiment, the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was first given. Next, variations of the visuals, "Cube," were presented. Then, a posttest was administered. Research questions include the determination of difference and interaction among each independent variable and the relationship between the posttest scores and the GEFT scores. The results indicated that two Audio Modes (Audio and Silent) have no significant difference in presenting visuals. There is an interaction between the GEFT and the presentation methods. The analyses showed that for Field-dependent (FD) learners (1) Animation and Still-visuals have no significant difference; (2) Animation is significantly higher than No­ visuals; and (3) Still-visuals is also significantly higher than No-visuals. Whereas, for Field-independent (FI) learners, different ways of presenting visuals have no significant differences. The analyses also showed that inappropriate use of media can hinder FI students firom learning. In addition, there is a positive

The use of animation as a tool for concept learning

At present, the data mining technology is introduced into the analysis of English scores, the data is deeply explored and analyzed reasonably, and the analysis results are used to guide the smooth development of teaching, which is conducive to improving the quality of English teaching. The main work of this thesis is based on the background of this study: taking the academic performance of college students as the application background, this paper first introduces the basic theoretical knowledge of data mining and the application status of data mining technology in education field. Secondly, this paper establishes a student performance database and uses data mining technology to carry out in-depth mining of the established performance database. Finally, the mining results are analyzed, and the factors affecting students’ academic performance are obtained. These analysis results have important reference value for the future improvement of teaching work in colleges and universities.

RETRACTED: Research on English score analysis system based on improved decision tree algorithm and fuzzy set

The spectator and the spectacle

Design in the educational film : an analysis of production elements in twenty-one widely used non-theatrical motion pictures /

I ' r HAS BEEN ESTIMATED tha t an average of one new book about the Civil War has been published every day since 1861. This immense verbal record has of late been amplified by a considerable visual reportage in the form of motion pictures, television shows, and by the publication and republication of pictorial history books commemorating the Centennial of the Great American Conflict. Among the better re-enactments or dramatizations of the period is Griffith's classic film, The Birth of a Nation, which still stands as a very good performance along with Huston's Red Badge of Courage and Gone with the Wind. Among the best of the recent television re-enactments are six short films based on incidents in the life of Lincoln. Written by James Agee, they appeared first on Omnibus. However, the majority of feature films, television presentations, and instructional films which attempt re-enactments of the Civil War period tend to be stagey and exhibit an obvious lack of authenticity. More successful, and certainly more interesting from the communications point of view, are the reconstructions based upon contemporary illustrations.

The image of the civil war

Mike makes his mark

historians, and a large segment of the general ARCHIVISTS, public would count it a catastrophe of immeasurable proportions if a collection containing, for example, all the books and manuscripts of a major field of human knowledge from 1900 to the present was destroyed by fire. Today, at this moment, the record of a whole field of human effort is on fire; yet so few people are concerned that the remains are likely to crumble to a foul-smelling brown dust before the holocaust can be made public, let alone put out or even controlled. The fact is that nitrate-based motion picture films theatrical, newsreel, documentary, historical, and educational are burning as surely as, though more slowly than, the fire that destroyed the great library at Alexandria in the third century A.D. The photographic record of human events and human creativity spans less than 150 years of man's history, and the motion picture documents less than 80. The archival value of such photographic records, however, is in the unique dimension they have added to our understanding of the nature of the world about us and the way the course of human life has been affected by these media from the esthetic to the evidential. Without photography, much of today's world would be out of mind as well as out of sight. Without cinema we would not have what is coming to be described as "the language of our time." The basic problem in the preservation of motion picture materials is that from 1888 to 1951 all 35mm. film was made with a cellulose nitrate base, which is highly flammable and under some circumstances highly explosive, and which, in a state of combustion, is productive of gases that combine with the moisture of the air to produce highly toxic nitric acid.1 Sixteen-millimeter films and (since 195 1 ) all 35mm., 70mm., and magnetic films and tapes are on a triacetate, so-called "safety" base. Fire and explosion are no longer the hazards they used to be, although acetate will burn slowly, shrink, dry out, curl, or succumb to the action of oxidizing or acidic gases, dirt, wear, fungus, water, and even insects. The proper development, fixing, and washing of photo-

Robert W. Wagner

Papers

The spectator and the spectacle

Design in the educational film : an analysis of production elements in twenty-one widely used non-theatrical motion pictures /

The image of the civil war

Mike makes his mark

Motion Picture Restoration