In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

Phenomenology and the “Theological Turn”: The French Debate

Philosophy as a Way of Life

Resena de libro: Atocha Aliseda, Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigations into Discovery and
Explanation. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006. 225 pp.

Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation

The thesis reports research into a phenomenon which it calls the personal working model of an individual knowledge worker.

The principal conjecture addressed in this thesis is that each of us has a personal working model which is supported by a personal work system enabled by a personal information management system. For some people, these are well defined; for most they are not even explicit. By means of structured self-reflection aided by conceptual knowledge modelling within the context of a process of action learning they can be improved. That personal working model is predicted by Ashby's law of requisite variety and by the good regulator theorem of Conant and Ashby. The latter theorem states that the only good regulator of a system is a model of that system.

The thesis and the work it reports result from a systemic approach to identifying the personal information management system and personal work system which together contribute to the personal working model. Starting with abductive conjecture, the author has sought to understand what models are and to explore ways in which those models can themselves be expressed. The thesis shows how a new approach to the conceptual modelling of aspects of the personal knowledge of knowledge worker was designed, built and then used. Similarly, the actual data used by a knowledge worker had to be stored, and for this purpose a personal information management system was also designed. Both these artefacts are evaluated in accordance with principles drawn from the literature of design science research. The research methodology adopted in the first phase of the research now ending also included a relatively novel approach in which the PhD student attempted to observe himself over the last five years of his PhD research – this approach is sometimes called autoethnography. This autoethnographic element is one of a number of methods used within an overall framework grounded by the philosophical approach called critical realism.

The work reported in the thesis is initial exploratory research which, it is planned, will continue in empirical action research involving mentored action learning undertaken by professional knowledge workers.

What is the contribution of personal information management systems (PIMS) to the Working Model and personal work system of knowledge workers

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Iconicity and Abduction

In this work, the iconic nature of abductive inference in Peirce’s Existential Graphs (EG) is recast into the framework of Heyting algebras. The creative structure of abduction emerges then in a topological fashion as we produce a generalized version of Peirce’s EG using a categorical approach, drawing from the tools of intuitionist logic.

Iconicity and abduction : a categorical approach to creative hypothesis-formation in Peirce’s existential graphs

Abduction: A categorical characterization

In this paper, we investigate some aspects of Spencer–Brown’s Calculus of Indications. Drawing from earlier work by Kauffman and Varela, we present a new categorical framework that allows to characterize the construction of infinite arithmetic expressions as sequences taking values in grossone.

A constructive sequence algebra for the calculus of indications

This article examines the forcing technique developed by Paul Cohen in his proof of the independence of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis from the ZFC axioms of set theory in light of the theory of abductive inference and the diagrammatic system of Existential Graphs elaborated by Peirce. The history of the development of Cohen’s method is summarized, and the key steps of his technique for defining the extended model M[G] from within the ground model M are outlined. The relations between statements in M and their correspondent reference values in M[G] are modeled in Peirce’s Existential Graphs as the construction of a modal covering over the sheet of assertion. This formalization clarifies the relationship between Peirce’s EG-βand EG-γ and lays the foundation for theorizing the abductive emergence of the latter out of the former.

Rocco Gangle

Papers

Iconicity and Abduction

Iconicity and abduction : a categorical approach to creative hypothesis-formation in Peirce’s existential graphs

Abduction: A categorical characterization

A constructive sequence algebra for the calculus of indications

Consequences of a Diagrammatic Representation of Paul Cohen’s Forcing Technique Based on C.S. Peirce’s Existential Graphs