Filtering and smoothing methods are used to produce an accurate estimate of the state of a time-varying system based on multiple observational inputs (data). Interest in these methods has exploded in recent years, with numerous applications emerging in fields such as navigation, aerospace engineering, telecommunications, and medicine. This compact, informal introduction for graduate students and advanced undergraduates presents the current state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing methods in a unified Bayesian framework. Readers learn what non-linear Kalman filters and particle filters are, how they are related, and their relative advantages and disadvantages. They also discover how state-of-the-art Bayesian parameter estimation methods can be combined with state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing algorithms. The book’s practical and algorithmic approach assumes only modest mathematical prerequisites. Examples include MATLAB computations, and the numerous end-of-chapter exercises include computational assignments. MATLAB/GNU Octave source code is available for download at www.cambridge.org/sarkka, promoting hands-on work with the methods.

贝叶斯滤波与平滑 (Bayesian filtering and smoothing)

Review of State of Art of Smart Structures and Integrated Systems

The paper provides a state of the art review of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM). First, the fundamental concepts of guided wave propagation and its implementation for SHM is explained. Following sections present the different modeling schemes adopted, developments in the area of transducers for generation, and sensing of wave, signal processing and imaging technique, statistical and machine learning schemes for feature extraction. Next, a section is presented on the recent advancements in nonlinear guided wave for SHM. This is followed by section on Rayleigh and SH waves. Next is a section on real-life implementation of guided wave for industrial problems. The paper, though briefly talks about the early development for completeness,. is primarily focussed on the recent progress made in the last decade. The paper ends by discussing and highlighting the future directions and open areas of research in guided wave based SHM.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/053001/pdf

Guided wave based structural health monitoring: A review

An experimental investigation of the micro and macromechanical transformation behavior of polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys was undertaken. Special attention was paid to macroscopic banding, variant microstructure, effects of cyclic loading, strain rate and temperature effects. Use of an interference filter on the microscope enabled observation of grain boundaries and martensitic plate formation and growth without recourse to etching or other chemical surface preparation. Key results of the experiments on the NiTi include observation of localized plastic deformation after only a few cycles, excellent temperature and stress relaxation correlation, a refined definition of “full transformation” for polycrystalline materials, and strain rate dependent effects. Several of these findings have critical implications for understanding and modeling of shape memory alloy behavior.

Stress-induced transformation behavior of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy: micro and macromechanical investigations via in situ optical microscopy

The nonlinear transfer behaviour of an assembled structure such as a large lightweight space structure is caused by the nonlinear influence of structural connections. Bolted or riveted joints are the primary source of damping compared to material damping, if no special damping treatment is added to the structure. Simulation of this damping amount is very important in the design phase of a structure. Several well known lumped parameter joint models used in the past to describe the dynamic transfer behaviour of isolated joints by Coulomb friction elements are capable of describing global states of slip and stick only. The present paper investigates the influence of joints by a mixed experimental and numerical strategy. A detailed Finite Element model is established to provide understanding of different slip-stick mechanisms in the contact area. An advanced lumped parameter model is developed and identified by experimental investigations for an isolated bolted joint. This model is implemented in a Finite Element program for calculating the dynamic response of assembled structures incorporating the influence of micro- and macroslip of several bolted joints.

Nonlinear dynamics of structures assembled by bolted joints

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: "Integrierte Bauteiluberwachung in Faserverbunden durch Analyse von Lambwellen nach deren gezielter Anregung durch piezokeramische Flachenaktoren"

Lamb-Wave based Structural Health Monitoring in Polymer Composites

Smart structures technology characterized by structurally integrated sensors and actuators has recently expanded significantly especially as regards lightweight constructions in aeronautics and robotics, e.g. to allow vibration suppression and noise attenuation. In order to be capable of solving these complex issues the finite element method as a well established design tool has to be extended. This paper focuses on shallow sandwich composite shell structures with thin piezoelectric patches bonded to the surfaces. For the proper design of plate and shell structures with integrated piezoelectric materials, various variational formulations and corresponding finite elements are presented. The starting point is the well known two-field variational formulation where the linear piezoelectric effect is taken into account so that the displacements and the electric potential serve as independent variables. Here, the mostly assumed linear variation of the electric potential through the thickness is assumed. Next, it is shown that a quadratic variation of the electric potential through the thickness can be deduced directly from the charge conservation condition. This quadratic variation of the electric potential in the thickness direction is compared with the linear gradient of the first two-field variational formulation. Moreover, in order to allow the implementation of alternative formulations of the constitutive equations by switching of the independent variables and nonlinear material behaviour, a three-field variational formulation is presented in analogy to the Hu–Washizu principle. Adopting this variational principle a hybrid finite element is derived where the dielectric displacement is formulated as an additional degree of freedom. This independent variable can be condensed on the element level and does not enter the system of equations. For the first time all these different variational formulations are developed for a Reissner–Mindlin shallow shell element formulation and compared with each other.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/12/6/007/pdf

Multi-field variational formulations and related finite elements for piezoelectric shells

To detect micro-structural damages like fiber/matrix cracks and delaminations in composite materials accurately new methods are developed. Previous works have investigated and shown that the acoustical nonlinearity parameter is a good tool to detect micro-structural damages like plasticity in metal and fatigue damages in metal and composites. In this work, the second harmonic generation is used to analyze composite specimens for impact damages. Therefore, Lamb waves are launched and detected by a piezoelectric actuator and sensor, respectively, at a certain frequency to generate cumulative second harmonic modes. The excitation frequency has to meet special conditions. The signal processing is done by using the wavelet transform to avoid misinterpretations that may occur using the short-time Fourier transform. The Morlet wavelet is used as the mother wavelet. The results of the relative acoustical nonlinearity parameter are compared to the development of the group velocity due to impact damages. It is show...

Rolf Lammering

Papers

Stress-induced transformation behavior of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy: micro and macromechanical investigations via in situ optical microscopy

Lamb-Wave based Structural Health Monitoring in Polymer Composites

Multi-field variational formulations and related finite elements for piezoelectric shells

Impact Damage Detection in Composite Structures Considering Nonlinear Lamb Wave Propagation

On the detection of fatigue damage in composites by use of second harmonic guided waves