자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

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Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(07)61238-0.pdf

No health without mental health.

This paper presents a revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), a recently developed and widely used quantitative measure of the five components of illness representations in Leventhal's self-regulatory model. The revised version stemmed from a need to deal with minor psychometric problems with two subscales, and to include additional subscales, assessing cyclical timeline perceptions, illness coherence, and emotional representations. Item selection was determined by principal components analyses which verified the factorial structure of the questionnaire in a sample of 711 patients from 8 different illness groups. Further analysis provided good evidence for both the internal reliability of the subscales and the short (3 week) and longer term (6 month) retest reliability. The IPQ-R also demonstrated sound discriminant, known group and predictive validity. While it is possible that the new subscales will vary in their applicability in different patient groups, the IPQ-R provides a more comprehensive and psychometrically acceptable assessment of the key components of patients' perceptions of illness.

The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)

The Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) is a new method for assessing cognitive representations of illness. The IPQ is a theoretically derived measure comprising five scales that provides information about the five components that have been found to underlie the cognitive representation of illness. The five scales assess identity - the symptoms the patient associates with the illness, cause - personal ideas about aetiology, time-line - the perceived duration of the illness, consequences - expected effects and outcome and cure control - how one controls or recovers from the illness. The IPQ has a specific number of core items but allows the user to add items for particular patient groups or health threats. Data is presented supporting the reliability and validity of the IPQ scales in different chronic illness populations.

The illness perception questionnaire: A new method for assessing the cognitive representation of illness

Objective A significant proportion (15–30%) of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are at risk of developing postconcussional syndrome (PCS). The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social factors to the development of PCS and identify early predictors. Methods A prospective cohort design was employed. 126 MTBI patients completed baseline questionnaire assessments within 2 weeks of the injury and 107 completed follow-up questionnaire assessments at 3 and 6 months. A series of self-report measures were used to assess cognitive, behavioural and emotional responses to MTBI. The primary outcome was the ICD-10 diagnosis for PCS. Demographic and clinical characteristic variables were compared between PCS cases and non-cases using independent sample t tests and χ 2 tests. Individual and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to detect predictors of PCS. Results Of 107 MTBI patients, 24 (22%) met the criteria for PCS at 3 months and 22 (21%) at 6 months. Individual logistic regression analysis indicated that negative MTBI perceptions, stress, anxiety, depression and all-or-nothing behaviour were associated with the risk of PCS. Multivariate analysis revealed that all-or-nothing behaviour was the key predictor for the onset of PCS at 3 months while negative MTBI perceptions predicted PCS at 6 months. Conclusions The study provides good support for the proposed cognitive behavioural model. Patients9 perceptions of their head injury and their behavioural responses play important roles in the development of PCS, indicating that cognitive and behavioural factors may be potential targets for early preventive interventions.

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/early/2011/10/25/jnnp-2011-300767.full.pdf

When a minor head injury results in enduring symptoms: a prospective investigation of risk factors for postconcussional syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury.

A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis

The relationships between illness perceptions, coping and adjustment were investigated in the context of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Self-reported illness perceptions, coping, disability levels and psychological well-being were assessed in a national sample of 233 CFS sufferers. A series of regression analyses indicated that illness perceptions explained a greater percentage of the variance in levels of disability and psychological well-being than did the coping strategies used by the participants to manage their illness. The illness perception components of illness identity, emotional causes, controllability and consequences had the strongest overall association with adjustment such that participants with a strong illness identity, who believed their illness was out of their control, caused by stress and had very serious consequences were most disabled and psychologically impaired. Disengagement coping strategies and venting emotions were also associated with greater disability and poorer psychological well-being, while positive reinterpretation and seeking social support were positively related to psychological well-being. The potential role of illness perceptions in the maintenance of CFS is discussed. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), otherwise known as myalgic encephalomyelitis or post-viral fatigue syndrome, is an illness characterized by persistent debilitating fatigue of uncertain origin. A multiplicity of other symptoms are associated with CFS such as muscle and joint pain, fever, sleep disruption, and impaired memory and concentration. Prevalence rates for this disorder have been quoted between 7.4 and 37 per 100,000, depending on the sampling procedures and diagnostic criteria used (Gunn, Connel & Randall, 1993; Lloyd, Hickie, Boughton, Spencer & Wakefield, 1990; Price, North, Wessely & Fraser, 1992). The average age of onset is approximately 30 years, with well-educated white women being over represented in patient samples (Gunn el al., 1993).

Rona Moss-Morris

Papers

The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)

The illness perception questionnaire: A new method for assessing the cognitive representation of illness

When a minor head injury results in enduring symptoms: a prospective investigation of risk factors for postconcussional syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury.

A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis

Functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome: Do illness perceptions play a regulatory role?