Ronald Bayer

TL;DR: In 1973, after several years of bitter dispute, the Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association decided to remove homosexuality from its official list of mental diseases, and a substantial number of dissident psychiatrists charged the association's leadership with capitulating to the pressures of Gay Liberation groups, and forced the board to submit its decision to a referendum of the full APA membership as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In the closing decades of the 20th century, a broadly shared view took hold that the stigmatization of those who were already vulnerable provided the context within which diseases spread, exacerbating morbidity and mortality.

TL;DR: In the early and mid-1980s, when democratic nations were forced to confront the public health challenge posed by the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it was necessary to face a set of fundamental questions: Did the history of responses to lethal infectious diseases provide lessons about how best to contain the spread of human immunODeficiency virus (HIV) infection?

TL;DR: Whereas some experts welcome e-cigarettes as a pathway to reducing tobacco use, others characterize them as dangerous products that could undermine efforts to denormalize smoking, the goal of eliminating the risks of smoking is not incompatible with e-cigarette use.