计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university-industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we refer as ‘academic engagement’. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialization, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organizational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialization. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialization in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions. (Published version available via open access)

Academic Engagement and Commercialisation: A Review of the Literature on University-Industry Relations

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/104445/1/Academic%20engagement.pdf

Academic engagement and commercialisation : A review of the literature on university-industry relations

The literature on university entrepreneurship is rapidly expanding, in both the United States and Europe. Since the literature is also fairly fragmented, however, we submit that it is time to take stock of the current knowledge to provide directions for future research and guideposts for policy makers. To accomplish this, we present an unusually comprehensive and detailed literature analysis of the stream of research on university entrepreneurship, now encompassing 173 articles published in a variety of academic journals. Four major research streams emerge in this area of study: (i) entrepreneurial research university, (ii) productivity of technology transfer offices, (iii) new firm creation, and (iv) environmental context including networks of innovation. We inductively derive a framework describing the dynamic process of university entrepreneurship based on a synthesis of the literature. We submit that this framework is useful in guiding future research on this important, yet complex and under-researched topic.

/pdf/university-entrepreneurship-a-taxonomy-of-the-literature-4b9y2nciv4.pdf

University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature

La diffusione di pratiche organizzative tra pressioni ambientali e processi di legittimazione: un’analisi empirica dei regolamenti universitari in materia di invenzioni

Most of the literature on university patenting activity has focused on institutional and organizational change and on mechanisms to overcome market inefficiencies and spur academics to patent their...

Motivations and incentives for patenting within universities: a survey of italian inventors.

This work examines how offshoring processes unfold within organizations. We present two case studies of Italian organizations offshoring R&D to Tunisia and India. Our findings show that unsatisfied...

The influence of professional identity on new opportunity recognition in offshoring processes.

A multi-country process-based approach to academic entrepreneurship

The literature on university-industry (U-I) links has revealed many barriers that impede U-I technology transfer. During the last decades, we have seen a growing number of intermediary organization...

Rosa Grimaldi

Papers

La diffusione di pratiche organizzative tra pressioni ambientali e processi di legittimazione: un’analisi empirica dei regolamenti universitari in materia di invenzioni

Motivations and incentives for patenting within universities: a survey of italian inventors.

The influence of professional identity on new opportunity recognition in offshoring processes.

A multi-country process-based approach to academic entrepreneurship

How Intermediary Organizations Facilitate Technology Transfer: A Proximity Approach