O objetivo deste estudo e realizar um relato do gestor nacional do Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar (PNAE), com enfase no periodo de 2003 a 2010. Trata-se de ensaio critico baseado em revisao da literatura e em dados oficiais. Em relacao ao volume de recursos financeiros e ao numero de alunos atendidos, observou-se que, em 2003, o Programa executou um total de 954,2 milhoes de reais para atender 37,3 milhoes de alunos, ao passo que em 2010, o total de recursos passou a ser de 3 bilhoes de reais para um total de 45,6 milhoes de alunos atendidos. Outros avancos importantes foram os estimulos para a ampliacao e o fortalecimento do papel dos Conselhos de Alimentacao Escolar e as estrategias normativas para as acoes do nutricionista como Responsavel Tecnico. A Lei no 11.947/2009 fez o PNAE avancar ainda mais, estendendo o programa para toda a rede publica de educacao basica e de jovens e adultos, e recomendando que 30% dos repasses do FNDE sejam investidos na aquisicao de produtos da agricultura familiar. Sao evidentes os avancos nos criterios tecnicos e operacionais visando maior flexibilidade, eficiencia e eficacia na gestao do PNAE. Espera-se que tais avancos possam se traduzir em melhoria das condicoes de alimentacao e nutricao dos escolares.

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A trajetória do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no período de 2003-2010: relato do gestor nacional

Objective: To analyze the Brazilian nutrition public policies on the control of childhood obesity. Data sources: Articles, essays, reviews and laws in SciELO, Lilacs, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, System Health Legislation and Sanitary Surveillance Legislation between 1990 and 2010, about Brazilian nutrition public policies for control of childhood obesity were searched. The keywords “obesity”, “overweight”, “child”, “schoolchildren”, “public policy”, “health policy”, “nutrition policy”, “school canteen”, “food school”, “food advertising”, “food labels”, in Portuguese and English. Data synthesis: The Brazilian government was active in designing health promotion programs aimed at combating childhood obesity in the recent years, such as the School Health Program, the National School Feeding Program, the Food Regulatory Marketed in School, the Healthy School Project, Promoting Healthy Eating in Schools, Ten Steps for Promoting Healthy Eating in Schools, and the Regulation of Advertising and Advertising of Foods. There is a need for implementation and enforcement of these laws and regulations for the control of childhood obesity in Brazil in order to promote healthy feeding habits. Conclusions: The design, planning, implementation and management of these policies should aim the transformation of the social problem of obesity.

Políticas públicas de nutrição para o controle da obesidade infantil

The scope of this paper is to study the report of the manager of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE), with special empha- sis on the period from 2003 to 2010. It is a critical essay based on a review of the literature and the official data. It was revealed that the program spent 954.2 million Brazilian reals in 2003 to as- sist 37.3 million students, and in 2010 the total resources increased to 3 billion Brazilian reals with 45.6 million students attended. Other im- portant advances were the broadening and strengthening of the role of the School Nutrition Councils and the regulatory strategies of nutri- tionists as Accountable Technicians. Law N o. 11.947/2009 gave a new impetus to the PNAE, extending the program to the entire basic public education grid and youths and adults, and rec- ommending that 30% of the funds transferred from the FNDE should be used to acquire prod- ucts from small farmers. The progress in techni- cal and operational criteria seeking greater flexi- bility, efficiency and effectiveness in the manage- ment of the Program is clear for all to see. It is hoped that these advances will translate into ef- fective improvement in food and nutrition con- ditions for schoolchildren.

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A trajetória do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no período de 2003-2010: relato do gestor nacional The trajectory of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program between 2003 and 2010: report of the national manager

The scope of this paper is to study the report of the manager of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE), with special emphasis on the period from 2003 to 2010. It is a critical essay based on a review of the literature and the official data. It was revealed that the program spent 954.2 million Brazilian reals in 2003 to assist 37.3 million students, and in 2010 the total resources increased to 3 billion Brazilian reals with 45.6 million students attended. Other important advances were the broadening and strengthening of the role of the School Nutrition Councils and the regulatory strategies of nutritionists as Accountable Technicians. Law No. 11.947/2009 gave a new impetus to the PNAE, extending the program to the entire basic public education grid and youths and adults, and recommending that 30% of the funds transferred from the FNDE should be used to acquire products from small farmers. The progress in technical and operational criteria seeking greater flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness in the management of the Program is clear for all to see. It is hoped that these advances will translate into effective improvement in food and nutrition conditions for schoolchildren.

[The trajectory of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program between 2003 and 2010: report of the national manager].

Este ensaio pretende discutir a aquisicao de alimentos para o Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar a luz do seu marco legal vigente, na perspectiva de promover habitos alimentares saudaveis e culturalmente articulados que contribuam para a promocao das condicoes de saude da populacao escolar brasileira e para o desenvolvimento local. Apresentase analise da legislacao em vigor do Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar, evidenciando a intencionalidade de influenciar o sistema alimentar brasileiro e o padrao alimentar de sua populacao a partir da alimentacao escolar, destacandose as lacunas que desafiam a efetivacao de mudancas substanciais na execucao do programa. Partindo dessa analise e com base no elevado e crescente consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados no Brasil, e considerando as desvantagens desses alimentos diante de alimentos pouco ou nao processados, desenvolvese proposta para orientar a construcao de uma pauta de alimentos que seja consistente com o marco legal vigente do programa e com seus objetivos. Argumentase que a predominância de alimentos pouco ou nao processados na alimentacao escolar pode ser estrategia para o resgate do patrimonio alimentar saudavel e para o fortalecimento do desenvolvimento local se resultar da aproximacao com a agricultura familiar.

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Marco legal do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: uma releitura para alinhar propósitos e prática na aquisição de alimentos

This study evaluated the Brazilian National School Nutrition Program from a structure-process-results perspective. The methodology involved document research and a case study in 45 counties and 73 schools in the State of Bahia, including program manager interviews and household questionnaires involving 3,367 children (7-14 years of age). Relating to program structure, the study analyzed the evolution of normative instruments and some infrastructure aspects. Managers reported problems with the installations for preparing and distributing meals in 28% of the counties. Decentralization to the county (municipal) level was present in 93% of cases and to the school level in about 20%; however, nearly 70% of the schools received the food supplies directly. Although Social Control Councils were created, members were not always chosen democratically. Acceptability of the meals was good, as expected considering the widespread poverty in the target population. Overall program coverage was high (95%), but 77% of schoolchildren in the interior and 39% in the capital city did not receive meals every day. So far, irregular school meal distribution has frustrated the program's aspirations to become a universal social policy and ensure a basic right for children.

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Roseanne Porto Dantas Mazza

Papers

Avaliação de políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e combate à fome no período 1995-2002: 4 - Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar