Objetivo: Revisar os estudos de prevalencia de anemia no Brasil publicados entre janeiro de 1996 e janeiro de 2007. Fontes de dados: Por meio de revisao sistematica nas bases de dados eletronicas Medline e Lilacs, foram selecionados titulos cientificos publicados no intervalo de onze anos referentes a prevalencia de anemia no Brasil em criancas menores de cinco anos de idade. Foram excluidos artigos de revisao, relatos de caso e trabalhos que relacionaram anemia a outras doencas e ao periodo gestacional. Para a analise comparativa das variaveis categoricas de interesse nos artigos encontrados, realizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher, levando-se em conta o nivel de significância estatistica de 5% ( p<0,05). Sintese dos dados: Os dados medianos encontrados para a prevalencia de anemia foram de 53%, confirmando valores estimados pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude e considerados elevados. Nos 53 artigos analisados, a variavel que se associou de forma significante a anemia foi a idade da crianca (p=0,012). Conclusoes: Os estudos mostram alta prevalencia de anemia, principalmente em criancas menores de dois anos. No entanto, os trabalhos foram realizados em creches, visitas domiciliares e Unidades Basicas de Saude, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas com amostras de base populacional.

https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/is_digital/is_0209/pdfs/IS29(2)033.pdf

Prevalência de anemia ferropriva no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use statistical modeling to identify risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in the state of Pernambuco, covering socioeconomic and dietary aspects. METHODS: The sample comprised 746 children aged between 6 and 59 months from the state of Pernambuco. Their hemoglobin was assayed and a 24-hour dietary recall performed. Risk of anemia was analyzed with relation to socioeconomic variables and to dietary intakes, using multivariate analysis models. RESULTS: The risk factors for anemia were: a high proportion of calories from cow's milk, low density of nonheme iron, low age and low maternal educational level; age was the most prominent factor, with children under 24 months exhibiting 3.61 times greater risk of being anemic than the older children. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the need for a clear picture of the dietary intake of children in Brazil, in order that associations with anemia can be better understood. Our results revealed that the dietary factors which were most responsible for risk of anemia were a greater proportion of calories from cow's milk and lower density of nonheme iron, in addition to age below 24 months and low maternal educational level.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jped/v83n1/en_v83n1a08.pdf

Socioeconomic and dietary risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia in Brazilian children, according to different epidemiological scenarios. For this purpose, we carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis of the results of observational studies published in the last ten years. Articles were searched in the SciELO and PubMed databases using the keyword "anemia" combined with children and Brazil. After establishing the exclusion criteria (review article, anemia not of a nutritional etiology, diagnosis not based upon the level of hemoglobin (Hb<11g/dL), sample including children older than seven years, no prevalence data and no identification of study location, sample, age group and diagnostic method), 35 articles were selected, which were categorized according to the origin of their samples: daycare centers/schools n=8, health services n=12, populations subject to socioeconomic inequality n=6 and population-based studies n=9. A meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of anemia weighted by the respective sample size, and odds ratio for a confidence interval of 95%, assuming the prevalence of population-based studies as reference (odds ratio = 1). The following results were obtained, respectively: centers/schools: 52.0%, 1.61 (1.5 to 1.8); health services: 60.2%, 2.26 (2.1 to 2.4); populations subject to injustice: 66.5%, 2.96 (2.6 to 3.4) and population-based studies: 40.1%, with p<0.0001 for all comparisons (χ2). Anemia is still a serious public health problem in the different scenarios analyzed, justifying the fact that it is still considered a priority by managers of public health policies of different government levels in the country.

/pdf/prevalence-of-anemia-in-brazilian-children-in-different-2w793gd9cq.pdf

Prevalence of anemia in Brazilian children in different epidemiological scenarios.

Objective:Theobjectiveofthisstudywastousestatisticalmodeling to identify risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in the

http://www.jped.com.br/conteudo/07-83-01-39/port.pdf

Socioeconomic and dietary risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months Fatores socioeconômicos e dietéticos de risco para a anemia em crianças d e6a5 9meses de idade

This study aimed to assess hemoglobin level and anemia prevalence and their association with food-consumption and socioeconomic variables. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1997, using three-stage sampling which included 746 6-to-59-month-old children. Hemoglobin testing and a 24-hour food recall interview were performed. The anemia rate was 40.6% and was higher in the rural area and inversely proportional to age, income, and maternal schooling. Most children (88.9%) consumed cow's milk. Anemia was associated directly with the proportion of calories from cow's milk and indirectly with the iron level. Child's age, geographic area, per capita family income, maternal schooling, iron density (total, heme, and non-heme), and the proportion of calories from cow's milk in the diet were determinants for anemia.

/pdf/hemoglobin-level-and-anemia-in-children-in-the-state-of-tid2ziltb1.pdf

Hemoglobin level and anemia in children in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil: association with socioeconomic and food consumption factors

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de descrever a evolucao da concentracao de hemoglobina [Hb], considerando os fatores: peso ao nascer; velocidade relativa de crescimento e alimentacao. E um estudo transversal realizado com criancas no primeiro ano de vida, atendidas para acompanhamento do crescimento e do desenvolvimento em servicos publicos de saude, em cidades localizadas nas cinco regioes geograficas brasileiras. Verificou-se que 51,7% das criancas entre 6 e 12 meses de idade eram anemicas. A estimativa da Hb, por meio de uma equacao teorica, sugeriu que o ferro endogeno permite manter os niveis normais de Hb no primeiro trimestre de vida. A prevalencia de baixa Hb foi maior entre as criancas com baixo peso ao nascer. A velocidade relativa de crescimento, avaliada pela diferenca do peso atual e peso ao nascer, em unidades de Z escore, nao foi fator de relevância para a Hb. A importância do aleitamento materno foi evidente nos primeiros meses de vida. Verificou-se, entretanto, que os alimentos complementares nao influenciaram a Hb. A elevada prevalencia de niveis baixos de hemoglobina indica a necessidade de enfatizar programas de intervencao para o controle da anemia ferropriva.

/pdf/concentracao-de-hemoglobina-em-criancas-do-nascimento-ate-um-5ch16hd8qf.pdf

Rosemeire Aparecida Victória Furumoto

Papers

Concentração de hemoglobina em crianças do nascimento até um ano de vida