Abstract Spatial transcriptomic technologies and spatially annotated single-cell RNA sequencing datasets provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect cell–cell communication (CCC). However, incorporation of the spatial information and complex biochemical processes required in the reconstruction of CCC remains a major challenge. Here, we present COMMOT (COMMunication analysis by Optimal Transport) to infer CCC in spatial transcriptomics, which accounts for the competition between different ligand and receptor species as well as spatial distances between cells. A collective optimal transport method is developed to handle complex molecular interactions and spatial constraints. Furthermore, we introduce downstream analysis tools to infer spatial signaling directionality and genes regulated by signaling using machine learning models. We apply COMMOT to simulation data and eight spatial datasets acquired with five different technologies to show its effectiveness and robustness in identifying spatial CCC in data with varying spatial resolutions and gene coverages. Finally, COMMOT identifies new CCCs during skin morphogenesis in a case study of human epidermal development. 

/pdf/screening-cell-cell-communication-in-spatial-transcriptomics-1mgsquol.pdf

Screening cell–cell communication in spatial transcriptomics via collective optimal transport

This study was carried out to define the optimum drying conditions for Lycium chinense Miller as a useful healthy food, because recently the cultivation area and yield of this fruit are increased. The experiments of two varieties were performed at the temperature of , , and . The drying ratio was the slowest and quality was the best at the drying temperature of . The drying temperature was higher, drying ratio was more faster and the quality became worse. The difference of drying ratios between the varieties was insignificant. The energy consumption per hour was the minimum at the drying temperature of , but the total energy consumption was the maximum for the long drying time. Also, the energy consumption at the drying temperature , and was not very different from others. Considering the drying ratio, quality and energy consumption, the drying time of 36 hours at the drying temperature of was the most optimum condition.

Determination of Boxthorn Drying conditions and using Agricultural Dryer

This study is conducted to analyze the drying characteristics of domestically produced Lycii Fructus for improving drying conditions which was dependant on the shape and materials of drying plate. The materials of the drying plates were steel, aluminum and ABS resin, and each plate was shaped semicircle, quadrangular pyramid, and triangle pyramid. Also, mesh plate, the most general type was included. In other words, 10 kinds of plates were made and tested. The test was conducted at 45℃, for 24 hours and moisture content was measured every 4 hours. The quality of tested Lycii Fructus was measured by colorimeter after drying. The experimental results show that regardless of species of Lycii Fructus, the drying rate of the aluminium plate shaped quadrangular pyramid was fastest, 3.11%w.b./h. Except the mesh plate, the drying rate of most plates was about over 2.52%w.b./h. The quality of Lycii Fructus dried on the aluminium plate shaped quadrangular pyramid was the highest, and it was easiest to separate the dried Lycii Fructus from the aluminum plate shaped quadrangular pyramid.

/pdf/analysis-of-the-drying-characteristics-of-lycii-fructus-with-4cods12ug0.pdf

Analysis of the Drying Characteristics of Lycii Fructus with Drying Plates

*Cheongyang Boxthorn Experiment Station, Chungnam Agircultural Research and Extension Service, Cheongyang 33319, Korea.**Research and Development Bureau, Chungnam Agircultural Research and Extension Service, Yesan 32418, Korea.***College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.ABSTRACTBackground : Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) is a deciduous shrub belonging to the Solanaceae. The leaves areused as an alternative raw material replacing dried fruits associated with high production costs in many industires. The aim of thisexperiment was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the leaves used in the manufacture of functional products.Methods and Results : The leaves of Chinese matrimony vine were harvested when the plant height reached 60 - 70㎝ in thespring and treated at four different temperatures (40 ℃, 50℃, 60℃ and 70℃). The time to reach the desiccation state of 20% was 63h at 40℃, 37 h at 50℃, 17 h at 60℃ and 11 h at 70℃. The drying rate per hour was 1.28% at 40℃, 2.25% at 50℃, 4.94% at 60℃and 7.60% at 70℃. No significant difference were observed in ash, crude fat, polyphenol or rutin content of treated samples. Crudeprotein and betaine content decreased with higher dry temperatures. Nitrogen free extract of the treated samples increased withhigher drying temperatures.Conclusions : Taking into consideration drying time, drying rate, color value, energy consumption and functional ingredients isadvantageous to dry the leaves of the Chinese matrimony vine at 60 ℃ using a hot air agricultural dryer.Key Word : Lycium chinenese , Chinese Matrimony Vine, Drying Temperature, Dry Rate

Effect of Drying Temperature on High Quality Functional Processed Products of Chinese Matrimony Vine

Talking face generation aims at generating photo-realistic video portraits of a target person driven by input audio. Due to its nature of one-to-many mapping from the input audio to the output video (e.g., one speech content may have multiple feasible visual appearances), learning a deterministic mapping like previous works brings ambiguity during training, and thus causes inferior visual results. Although this one-to-many mapping could be alleviated in part by a two-stage framework (i.e., an audio-to-expression model followed by a neural-rendering model), it is still insufficient since the prediction is produced without enough information (e.g., emotions, wrinkles, etc.). In this paper, we propose MemFace to complement the missing information with an implicit memory and an explicit memory that follow the sense of the two stages respectively. More specifically, the implicit memory is employed in the audio-to-expression model to capture high-level semantics in the audio-expression shared space, while the explicit memory is employed in the neural-rendering model to help synthesize pixel-level details. Our experimental results show that our proposed MemFace surpasses all the state-of-the-art results across multiple scenarios consistently and significantly.

Memories are One-to-Many Mapping Alleviators in Talking Face Generation

Multi-scale modelling of rafting behaviour under complex stress states for Ni3Al superalloys

Abstract Based on a deep generative model of variational graph autoencoder (VGAE), we develop a new method, DeepLinc (deep learning framework for Landscapes of Interacting Cells), for the de novo reconstruction of cell interaction networks from single-cell spatial transcriptomic data. DeepLinc demonstrates high efficiency in learning from imperfect and incomplete spatial transcriptome data, filtering false interactions, and imputing missing distal and proximal interactions. The latent representations learned by DeepLinc are also used for inferring the signature genes contributing to the cell interaction landscapes, and for reclustering the cells based on the spatially coded cell heterogeneity in complex tissues at single-cell resolution. 

https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13059-022-02692-0

De novo reconstruction of cell interaction landscapes from single-cell spatial transcriptome data with DeepLinc

Stability of selenium and its speciation analysis in water using automatic system separation and HR-ICP-MS measurement

As a part of studies on the quality control for drying methods in Lycii Fructus. Dried Lycii Fructus were obtained from several treatments to examine the control of the extracts and its physical properties, and also to analyze the inorganic elements and proximate compositions. The results were summerized as follows; the changes of solid matter contents dried at for 28 hrs were highest. The changes of Hunter values were 66 in lightness, 5.0 in redness and 51.3 in yellowness, respectively in treatment No. 1. And also the viscosity of treatment No. 1. was some high compared to the other treatment. The desirable drying temperature were at for 2hrs in initial and at for 24hrs in final temperature and it was the best conditions as a quality, economics and chemical compositions of Lycii Fructus.

Run-Huai Li

Papers

Multi-scale modelling of rafting behaviour under complex stress states for Ni3Al superalloys

De novo reconstruction of cell interaction landscapes from single-cell spatial transcriptome data with DeepLinc

Stability of selenium and its speciation analysis in water using automatic system separation and HR-ICP-MS measurement

Effect of Drying Methods on the Quality in Lycii Fructus

Soil properties, microbial diversity, and changes in the functionality of saline-alkali soil are driven by microplastics.