Trail Making Test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education

Normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B are presented for 911 community-dwelling individuals aged 18-89 years. Performance on the TMT decreased with increasing age and lower levels of education. Based on these results, the norms were stratified for both age (11 groups) and education (2 levels). The current norms represent a more comprehensive set of norms than previously available and will increase the ability of neuropsychologists to determine more precisely the degree to which scores on the TMT reflect impaired performance for varying ages and education.

Trail making test A and B : normative date stratified by age and education

This meta-analytic review presents the findings of a project investigating the validity of the employment interview. Analyses are based on 245 coefficients derived from 86,311 individuals. Results show that interview validity depends on the content of the interview (situational, job related, or psychological), how the interview is conducted (structured vs. unstructured; board vs. individual), and the nature of the criterion (job performance, training performance, and tenure; research or administrative ratings). Situational interviews had higher validity than did job-related interviews, which, in turn, had higher validity than did psychologically based interviews. Structured interviews were found to have higher validity than unstructured interviews. Interviews showed similar validity for job performance and training performance criteria, but validity for the tenure criteria was lower. The interview is a selection procedure designed to predict future job performance on the basis of applicants' oral responses to oral inquiries. Interviews are one of the most frequently used selection procedures, perhaps because of their intuitive appeal for hiring authorities. Ulrich and Trumbo (1965) surveyed 852 organizations and found that 99% of them used interviews as a selection tool. Managers and personnel officials, especially those who are interviewers, tend to believe that the interview is valid for predicting future job performance. In this article, we quantitatively cumulate and summarize research on the criterion-related validity of the employment interview. Our purpose in this article is threefold. First, we summarize past narrative and quantitative reviews of criterion-related validity studies of the employment interview. Second, we report research that extends knowledge of the criterion-related validity of interviews through meta-analyses conducted on a more comprehensive database than has been available to earlier investigators. Third, we examine the criterion-related validity of different categories of interviews that vary in type and in structure.

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The validity of employment interviews: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis.

Individual change after epilepsy surgery: Practice effects and base-rate information.

Test-retest reliabilities and practice effects of a broad range of neuropsychological measures were examined in 384 normal or neurologically stable adults. Median test-retest interval was 11 months (range 3-16 months). The reliability estimates for most of the measures are reasonably good, ranging from .70 to low .90s. An exception is the relatively poor reliabilities of most memory measures. For all test measures, the value on initial testing is a strong determinant of the value on the second examination. Practice effects are seen on most measures. The magnitude of the practice effects, however, varies as a function of type of measure, test-retest interval, age, and overall competency level of the participant. This study provides several types of retest information that may be useful for future research and clinical work: comparative reliabilities of the various measures, estimate of error variability associated with each administration, standard deviation of the change, and comparative magnitude of practice effects on various tests.

Test-retest reliability and practice effects of expanded Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery.

Twenty-nine normal young men were administered the Halstead Battery and two additional tests commonly employed by neuropsychologists and were re-examined by the same instruments 20 weeks later. The results indicate that for our sample of normal Ss the classification of an individual as “normal” by t

Psychometric and clinical test-retest reliability of the Halstead impairment index in a sample of healthy, young, normal men.

Recently published studies have reported clinically significant increases in cognitive functioning in humans following surgical removal of obstructive atheromatous placque from the carotid artery leading from the heart to the brain. Detailed study by us of test-retest changes in group means in our own setting as well as scrutiny of similar test-retest scores for each individual patient comprizing our group of 17 carotid endarterectomy patients, and comparing them to similar detailed analyses in our one normal sample and two additional patient samples which served as reference groups, failed to confirm these earlier reported findings. Rather, our test-retest results with the full WAIS and 11 measures from the Halstead-Reitan Battery were little different from the test-retest changes found in these three reference groups which underwent no surgery. We concluded that the clinically unremarkable changes found in our endarterectomy and three reference samples are little different from the test-retest ...

IQ and neuropsychological changes following carotid endarterectomy

Psychological test and organismic correlates of interview interaction patterns.

Relationships between descriptive content and interaction behavior in interviews.

This writer is responding to the invitation of Naugle and McSweeney (1995) to enter the debate initiated in TCN last year by David Freides (1993). For the reasons stated below, the writer is strongly in favor of the practice of appending neuropsychological test scores to neuropsychological assessment reports, and does not perceive ethical violations in so doing.

Ruth G. Matarazzo

Papers

Psychometric and clinical test-retest reliability of the Halstead impairment index in a sample of healthy, young, normal men.

IQ and neuropsychological changes following carotid endarterectomy

Psychological test and organismic correlates of interview interaction patterns.

Relationships between descriptive content and interaction behavior in interviews.

Psychological report standards in neuropsychology