Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

The Carbon Monoxide-binding Pigment of Liver Microsomes I. EVIDENCE FOR ITS HEMOPROTEIN NATURE

Little is known about the protein constituents of autophagosome membranes in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that the rat microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of Apg8p essential for autophagy in yeast, is associated to the autophagosome membranes after processing. Two forms of LC3, called LC3-I and -II, were produced post-translationally in various cells. LC3-I is cytosolic, whereas LC3-II is membrane bound. The autophagic vacuole fraction prepared from starved rat liver was enriched with LC3-II. Immunoelectron microscopy on LC3 revealed specific labelling of autophagosome membranes in addition to the cytoplasmic labelling. LC3-II was present both inside and outside of autophagosomes. Mutational analyses suggest that LC3-I is formed by the removal of the C-terminal 22 amino acids from newly synthesized LC3, followed by the conversion of a fraction of LC3-I into LC3-II. The amount of LC3-II is correlated with the extent of autophagosome formation. LC3-II is the first mammalian protein identified that specifically associates with autophagosome membranes.

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LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing

Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review

[This corrects the article on p. 100 in vol. 41.].

Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria.

Purification and properties of cytochrome bl from Escherichia coli.

The effects of various treatments in vivo on the intracellular contents of the Golgi apparatus and microsomes (endoplasmic reticulum) in rat liver were studied. Partial hepatectomy increased the content of Golgi apparatus. Laparotmy also increased the content of Golgi apparatus, but to a lesser extent than partial hepatectomy. In contrast, the content of microsomes remained unchanged by these treatments. On the other hand, the plasma seromucoid content was markedly increased by laparotomy, but unchanged by partial hepatectomy. Papain administration also caused an increase in the content of Golgi apparatus. The contents of both organelles were increased by the injection of phenobarbital. These results indicate that the control mechanisms of proliferation of Golgi apparatus are different from those of endoplasmic reticulum. These findings are discussed in relation to the functions of the Golgi apparatus, and it is suggested that the major function of the organelle at a given time is determined by the major metabolic demands at that time.

Biochemical Studies on Rat Liver Golgi Apparatus IV. Effects of Various Treatments In Vivo on the Golgi Apparatus

Provisional proposals for classification and nomenclature of cyto chromes

Mechanism of Biological Reduction of Nitrate

Cytotrienin A, an ansamycin-class antibiotic, exhibits potent apoptosis-inducing activity and has attracted much attention as a lead compound for anticancer drugs. Herein, we report a new asymmetric synthetic route to cytotrienin A, employing an unexplored approach involving the late-stage installation of a C11 side chain onto the macrolactam core. In this strategy, we utilized the redox properties of hydroquinone and installed a side chain on the sterically hindered C11 hydroxyl group via the traceless Staudinger reaction. This study also demonstrated that the boron-Wittig/iterative Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling sequence was effective for the concise and selective construction of the (E,E,E)-conjugated triene moiety. The developed route opens new opportunities for the structure-activity relationship studies of the side chains of these ansamycin antibiotics and the preparation of other synthetic analogs and chemical probes for further biological studies.

Ryo Sato

Papers

Purification and properties of cytochrome bl from Escherichia coli.

Biochemical Studies on Rat Liver Golgi Apparatus IV. Effects of Various Treatments In Vivo on the Golgi Apparatus

Provisional proposals for classification and nomenclature of cyto chromes

Mechanism of Biological Reduction of Nitrate

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cytotrienin A: Late-stage Installation of C11 Side Chain onto the Macrolactam Scaffold.