The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media: analogies with other physical problems

Inspired by the unique and efficient wound healing processes in biological systems, several approaches to develop synthetic polymers that can repair themselves with complete, or nearly complete, autonomy have recently been developed. This review aims to survey the rapidly expanding field of self-healing polymers by reviewing the major successful autonomic repairing mechanisms developed over the last decade. Additionally, we discuss several issues related to transferring these self-healing technologies from the laboratory to real applications, such as virgin polymer property changes as a result of the added healing functionality, healing in thin films v. bulk polymers, and healing in the presence of structural reinforcements.

Self-healing polymers and composites

Self-healing materials are attracting increasing interest of the research community, over the last decades, due to their efficiency in detecting and “autonomically” healing damage. Numerous attempts are being presented every year focusing on the development of different self-healing systems as well as their integration to large scale production with the best possible property–cost relationship. The current work aims to present the most recent breakthroughs in these attempts from many different research groups published during the last five years. The current review focuses in polymeric systems and their composites. The reviewed literature is presented in three distinct categories, based on three different scopes of interest. These categories are (i) the materials and systems employed, (ii) the experimental techniques for the evaluation of materials properties and self-healing efficiency of the materials/structures and (iii) the characterization techniques utilized in order to evaluate (off-line) and monitor (on-line) the healing efficiency of the proposed systems. Published works are presented separately in all the different categories, thus the interested reader is advised to follow the structure of the review and refer to the chapter of interest.

Self-healing materials: A review of advances in materials, evaluation, characterization and monitoring techniques

A high resolution scheme with improved iterative convergence properties was devised by incorporating total-variation diminishing constraints, appropriate for unsteady problems, into an implicit time-marching method used for steady flow problems. The new scheme, referred to as Convergent and Universally Bounded Interpolation Scheme for the Treatment of Advection (CUBISTA), has similar accuracy to the well-known SMART scheme, both being formally third-order accurate on uniform meshes for smooth flows. Three demonstration problems are considered: (1) advection of three scalar profiles, a step, a sine-squared, and a semi-ellipse; (2) Newtonian flow over a backward-facing step; and (3) viscoelastic flow through a planar contraction and around a cylinder. For the case of the viscoelastic flows, in which the high resolution schemes are also used to represent the advective terms in the constitutive equation, it is shown that only the new scheme is able to provide a converged solution to the prescribed tolerance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A convergent and universally bounded interpolation scheme for the treatment of advection

Convective heat transfer in periodic wavy passages

Review of Wind Turbine Research in 21st Century

This chapter presents an overview of the higher-order scheme and introduces a new higher-order bounded scheme, weighted-average coefficient ensuring boundedness (WACEB), for approximating the convective fluxes in solving transport equations withthefinite-volumedifferencemethod.Theweighted-averageformulationisused for interpolating the variables at cell faces, and the weighted-average coefficient is determined from normalized variable formulation and total variation diminishing (TVD)constraintstoensuretheboundednessofsolutions.Thenewschemeistested by solving three problems: (1) a pure convection of a box-shaped step profile in an obliquevelocityfield, (2)asuddenexpansionofanobliquevelocityfieldinacavity, and (3) a laminar flow over a fence. The results obtained by the present WACEB are compared with the upwind and QUICK schemes and show that this scheme has at least the second-order accuracy while ensuring boundedness of solutions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this scheme produces results that better agree with the experimental data in comparison with other schemes.

Ryoichi S. Amano

Papers

Review of Wind Turbine Research in 21st Century

On a higher-order bounded discretization scheme

Syngas evolutionary behavior during chicken manure pyrolysis and air gasification

A Numerical Study of Laminar and Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Periodically Corrugated Wall Channel

Numerical Study of Turbulent Axisymmetric Jets Impinging on a Flat Plate and Flowing Into an Axisymmetric Cavity