© 2012 Repetto et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Lipid Peroxidation: Chemical Mechanism, Biological Implications and Analytical Determination

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Lipid Peroxidation: Chemical Mechanism, Biological Implications and Analytical Determination

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Enhancement in liver SREBP-1c/PPAR-α ratio and steatosis in obese patients: Correlations with insulin resistance and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion

Oxidative stress is a redox imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the former ones, leading to different responses depending on the level of pro-oxidants and the duration of the exposure. In this article, we discuss the damaging or cytoprotective signaling mechanisms associated with oxidative stress by addressing (1) the role of prolonged and severe oxidative stress and insulin resistance as determinant factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity, which, with the concurrence of nutritional factors, may determine the onset of fatty liver and its progression to steatohepatitis; and (2) the development of an acute and mild pro-oxidant state by thyroid hormone administration, which elicits the redox up-regulation of the expression of proteins affording cell protection, as a preconditioning strategy against ischemia-reperfusion liver injury.

Oxidative stress signaling underlying liver disease and hepatoprotective mechanisms.

Effect of silica ions and nano silica on rice plants under salinity stress

Understanding mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR) CR appears to prolong life by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage But ROS formation, which is positively implicated in cellular stress response mechanisms, is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways By sensing the intracellular nutrient and energy status, the functional state of mitochondria, and the concentration of ROS produced in mitochondria, the longevity network regulates life span across species by coordinating information flow along its convergent, divergent and multiply branched signaling pathways, including vitagenes which are genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin and the sirtuin protein systems Dietary antioxidants, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes The hormetic dose–response, challenges long-standing beliefs about the nature of the dose–response in a lowdose zone, having the potential to affect significantly the design of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses Here we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against energy and stress resistance homeostasis dysiruption with consequent impact on longevity processes

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S. Alvarez

Papers

Pathology and physiology of lipid peroxidation and its carbonyl products.

Free radical pathophysiology.

Oxidative stress and insulin resistance as interdependent pathogenic mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity.

The antioxidant network: the basic principle for an antioxidant supplementation in the elderly.

Sequential histopathological and oxidative damage in different organs in choline deficient rats.