Three frameworks purport to explain industrial arrangements and practices: a market approach that emphasizes economic characteristics, a cultural approach that sees organization as the expression of patterned values, and an authority approach that explains organization as a historically developed structure of domination. The efficacy of each approach is tested in explaining the organizational structures of three rapidly growing East Asian economies: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The paper argues through comparative analysis that organizational growth is best explained by market and cultural factors but that authority patterns and legitimation strategies best explain organizational structure.

https://www.hse.ru/data/2013/04/04/1294729584/1.%20Market,%20Culture,%20and%20Authority_%20A%20Com..nd%20Organization%20in%20the%20Far%20East.pdf

Market, culture and authority: A comparative analysis of management and organization in the Far East.

The primary purpose of this article is to expand our understanding of the dependence and reciprocal action constructs in distribution channel relationships. The authors develop a conceptual framewo...

Dealer Dependence Levels and Reciprocal Actions in a Channel of Distribution in a Developing Country

International technology transfer: A review

Crucial to every business alliance are the face-to-face negotiations that occur during the formulation and maintenance of the commercial relationship. Our study of American and Chinese businesspeople in simulated intracultural negotiations suggests both similarities and differences in style. For example, negotiators in both cultures were more successful when taking a problem-solving approach. Alternatively, the Chinese negotiators tended to ask many more questions and to interrupt one another more frequently than their American counterparts. Such subtle differences in style may cause problems in Sino-American negotiations, which may, in turn, sour otherwise fruitful commercial alliances.

Strategy implementation: A comparison of face‐to‐face negotiations in the peoples republic of China and the United States

This study goes beyond the conventional notion of the institutional environment of emerging economies and investigates their dynamic context. It examines the complex influences of policy reforms on the characteristics and survival of foreign subsidiaries in emerging economies before and after the 1997 Asian Economic Crisis. This study proposes that FDI policy reforms during times of crisis may not only have a positive effect on institutional munificence for foreign firms, but such drastic reforms may also produce a negative effect (e.g. institutional volatility and complexity) on the environment. We consider how foreign firms effectively respond to the unfavourable forces of the post-crisis environments while taking advantage of the munificence of the policy reforms. We find that foreign subsidiaries tend to take the form of wholly-owned subsidiaries (versus joint ventures), majority joint-ventures (versus minority joint-ventures), or trading operations (versus manufacturing operations) in the post-crisis institutional environment. Consistently, foreign subsidiaries with these characteristics are more likely to survive in the post-crisis environment.

The Impact of Institutional Reforms on Characteristics and Survival of Foreign Subsidiaries in Emerging Economies

Multinationalism, Japanese style

Technology transfer: The approach of a Dutch multinational

The frightening angels: A study of U.S. multinationals in developing nations

Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India

Human resource development may be identified as the process through which a society augments the skills, education, and productive abilities of its people. In essence, it means increases in human capital. Human capital is accumulated and improved upon in several ways: through programs of education and formal training, training on the job, and through individual initiative. It is generally agreed that this process, if carefully designed and implemented, promotes economic growth in any country.

S. Benjamin Prasad

Papers

Multinationalism, Japanese style

Technology transfer: The approach of a Dutch multinational

The frightening angels: A study of U.S. multinationals in developing nations

Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India

Human Resource Development for Economic Growth