Isolation and Maintenance.- Isolation and Differentiation of Medaka Embryonic Stem Cells.- Maintenance of Chicken Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation and Culture of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation, Maintenance, and Characterization of Rat Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation, Maintenance, and Induction of the Differentiation In Vitro of Equine Embryonic Stem Cells.- Generation and Characterization of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells.- Derivation and Propagation of Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum- and Feeder-Free Culture.- Signaling in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.- Internal Standards in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Matrix Assembly, Cell Polarization, and Cell Survival.- Phosphoinositides, Inositol Phosphates, and Phospholipase C in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Cripto Signaling in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells.- The Use of Embryonic Stem Cells to Study Hedgehog Signaling.- Transfection and Promoter Analysis in Embryonic Stem Cells.- SAGE Analysis to Identify Embryonic Stem Cell-Predominant Transcripts.- Utilization of Digital Differential Display to Identify Novel Targets of Oct3/4.- Gene Silencing Using RNA Interference in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Genetic Manipulation of Embryonic Stem Cells.- Efficient Transfer of HSV-1 Amplicon Vectors Into Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Derivatives.- Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Use of the Cytomegalovirus Promoter for Transient and Stable Transgene Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Use of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vectors for Simian Embryonic Stem Cells.- Generation of Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells.- DNA Damage Response and Mutagenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Ultraviolet-Induced Apoptosis in Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Use of Embryonic Stem Cells in Pharmacological and Toxicological Screens.- Use of Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells in Pharmacological Studies.- Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Differentiated Neural Cells for Pharmacological Screens.- Use of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells in Embryotoxicity Assays.- Use of Chemical Mutagenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Epigenetic Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells.- Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Nucleus Hybridized With Embryonic Stem Cells by Electrofusion.- Methylation in Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Tumor-Like Properties.- Identification of Genes Involved in Tumor-Like Properties of Embryonic Stem Cells.- In Vivo Tumor Formation From Primate Embryonic Stem Cells.- Animal Models and Therapy.- Directed Differentiation and Characterization of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapy.- Use of Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells in the Parkinsonian Mouse Model.

Isolation and characterization

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The Interferon System

Antitumor effects of interferon.

Interferons are proteins elaborated by infected cells that protect noninfected cells from viral infection. These proteins produce a temporary "antiviral state" by altering nucleotide metabolism and cytoplasmic enzyme induction. Interferons appear early after viral infection locally and systematically to limit spread of viral infection; they also affect cell differentiation, growth, surface, antigen expression, morphologic findings, and immunoregulation. Several human disorders have diminished interferon production. Newborns have normal interferon alpha but deficient interferon gamma production. Infants with congenital infections may also have defects in interferon production. Immunosuppressed patients receiving transplants (marrow, heart, of kidney) have diminished interferon production, particularly immediately after transplant. Deficiencies of interferon have also been noted in Down's syndrome, cellular immunodeficiencies, uremia, malnutrition, and hematopoietic malignancy. Leukocyte interferon has been of therapeutic value in herpes zoster infections, in patients with cancer, and in patients with hepatitis B infection. Interferon has not been proved to help children with congenital cytomegalovirus or rubella. Interferon can shrink lymphoid tumors, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Interferon: Immunobiology and Clinical Significance

Interferons: anti-neoplastic drugs?

Using monodispersed cell suspensions, interferon preparations were shown to have both a lethal and a growth-depression effect in the same concentration range as that required for antiviral activity. In addition, synchronized cells treated with interferon respond by delaying their normal uptake of thymidine during S phase until after a period during which new protein is synthesized. Puromycin added during this period prevents both the synthesis of this protein and the subsequent synthesis of DNA.

Interferon inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell division.

L-929 cells have been cultivated for more than 6 months in the presence of interferon. These L-cells, referred to as L-int cells, were found to be more susceptible to the lytic properties of vesicu...

S. H. S. Lee

Papers

Interferon inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell division.

Interferon-mediated increased lysis of L-cells by vesicular stomatitis virus.

Interferon Inhibition of Autogenously Induced Virions (C Particles) in Synchronized L-929 Cell Cultures