Network security is an important aspect of information sharing. Attempts have been made to remove various insecurities over internet. For this, many technological implementations and security policies have been developed. The amount of data, transferred, is not a factor. The basic factor is, how much security, the channel provides while transmitting data. Cryptography is one such technique, which allows secure data transmission without losing its confidentiality and integrity. Based on the key distribution, cryptography is further classified into two major types-Symmetric Key Cryptography and Asymmetric Key Cryptography. In this paper, we have surveyed the traditional algorithms, along with the proposed algorithms based on their pros and cons, related to Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography. We have also compared the importance of both these cryptographic techniques. The proposed algorithms proved to be highly efficient in their respective grounds but there are certain areas that remained open, related to these algorithms, and have not yet been thoroughly discussed. This paper also presents an appropriate future scope related to these open fields.

A comparative survey of Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography

Saving energy has become one of the most important issues these days. The most waste of energy is caused by the inefficient use of the consumer electronics. Particularly, a light accounts for a great part of the total energy consumption. Various light control systems are introduced in current markets, because the installed lighting systems are outdated and energy-inefficient. However, due to architectural limitations, the existing light control systems cannot be successfully applied to home and office buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction. The proposed system utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology in order to control an LED light according to the user's state and the surroundings. The proposed LED lighting system can autonomously adjust the minimum light intensity value to enhance both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. We designed and implemented the proposed system in the test bed and measured total power consumption to verify the performance. The proposed LED lighting system reduces total power consumption of the test bed up to 21.9%1.

Intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction

This paper deals with an intelligent image processing method for the video surveillance systems. We propose a technology detecting and tracking multiple moving objects, which can be applied to consumer electronics such as home and business surveillance systems consisting of an internet protocol (IP) camera and a network video recorder (NVR). A real-time surveillance system needs to detect moving objects robustly against noises and environment. So the proposed method uses the red-green-blue (RGB) color background modeling with a sensitivity parameter to extract moving regions, the morphology to eliminate noises, and the blob-labeling to group moving objects. To track moving objects fast, the proposed method predicts the velocity and the direction of the groups formed by moving objects. Finally, the experiments show that the proposed method has the robustness against the environmental influences and the speed, which are suitable for the real- time surveillance system.

Fast and robust algorithm of tracking multiple moving objects for intelligent video surveillance systems

This report discusses methods for estimating linear motion blur. The blurred image is modeled as a convolution between the original image and an unknown point-spread function. The angle of motion blur is estimated using three different approaches. The first employs the cepstrum, the second a Gaussian filter, and the third the Radon transform. To estimate the extent of the motion blur, two different cepstral methods are employed. The accuracy of these methods is evaluated using artificially blurred images with varying degrees of noise added. Finally, the best angle and length estimates are combined with existing deconvolution methods to see how well the image is deblurred.

https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/3685/2133-5.pdf;sequence=1

Blind Image Deconvolution Motion Blur Estimation

This paper focuses on the integration of Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) devices in wireless sensor networks. Since different manufacturers usually deal with one aspect of building automation - e.g. heating ventilation and air conditioning, lighting control, different kinds of alarms, etc. - final building automation system has different subsystems which are finally taken to an integrated building management system. The cost of this process is consequently increased due to additional hardware investment. Our main purpose is to provide the end consumer with an economical fully centralized system in which home appliances are managed by an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network. Not only is it necessary to focus on the initial investment, but maintenance and energy consumption costs must also be considered. This paper explains the developed system along with a brief introduction to usual building automation protocols. Finally it presents future work in this field.

Building lighting automation through the integration of DALI with wireless sensor networks

Ieee transactions on consumer electronics

Over the past three decades, the scientific and industrial communities have injected considerable resources into perfecting orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) - the driving technology behind many applications used today (such as IEEE 802.11g, asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), and digital terrestrial television). In 1997, OFDM was officially sanctioned for use in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) EN 300 744 standard known as digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T). As OFDM is such a popular technology, there has been limited research over the years into alternatives. This paper proposes a novel approach to transmit parallel information through a terrestrial channel that could render it a more flexible alternative to OFDM in the future. Investigations have shown that this technique could provide a highly flexible, channel optimized modulation technique based on time-frequency multiplexing and this paper presents the preliminary phase of investigations into this new technique .

Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplex: An Alternative to OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) is a system that is now used in a number of communication systems. It is a powerful technique that uses an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at the transmitter to modulate a high bit-rate signal onto a number of carriers. The problem with this technique is that it is inherently inflexible and requires a complex IFFT core. This paper provides an analysis of a new technique that will offer an alternative to OFDM called orthogonal wavelet division multiplex that has a lower computational complexity and increased flexibility. This paper provides the next level analysis of this new system comparing different wavelet filters.

A study of different wavelets in orthogonal wavelet division multiplex for DVB-T

A systematic procedure for a new approach to reducing the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM using turbo coding is described in this paper. Part of the produced symbol from the turbo coding process with low PAPR is sent instead of the original OFDM symbol, whilst the rest is sent through different antenna(s). This technique can support different types of modulation and coding techniques, and offers better results in both the CCDF and the BER than the conventional techniques currently proposed for this purpose, such as the clipping technique and the PTS technique, which presented by computer simulations.

A new turbo coding approach to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of a multi-antenna-OFDM system

There is an urgent need for metadata to accompany and describe media data essence. For the growing amount of personal content, user generated descriptors tend to be vague to the point of uselessness. Standardization in the metadata format is needed to allow a full and useful description of content that is interoperable between consumer devices. Manufacturers need to ensure that the metadata generated by a device is complete and understood by other products as well as allow for the creation and use of more subjective metadata. This paper provides a background on metadata layers with the aim to create a standard model of metadata layers in consumer devices.

S.L. Linfoot

Papers

Ieee transactions on consumer electronics

Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplex: An Alternative to OFDM

A study of different wavelets in orthogonal wavelet division multiplex for DVB-T

A new turbo coding approach to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of a multi-antenna-OFDM system

A novel taxonomy for consumer metadata