Electrochemical supercapacitors (ECs), characteristic of high power and reasonably high energy densities, have become a versatile solution to various emerging energy applications. This critical review describes some materials science aspects on manganese oxide-based materials for these applications, primarily including the strategic design and fabrication of these electrode materials. Nanostructurization, chemical modification and incorporation with high surface area, conductive nanoarchitectures are the three major strategies in the development of high-performance manganese oxide-based electrodes for EC applications. Numerous works reviewed herein have shown enhanced electrochemical performance in the manganese oxide-based electrode materials. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, particularly with respect to characterization and understanding of electron transfer and atomic transport of the electrochemical interface processes within the manganese oxide-based electrodes. In order to fully exploit the potential of manganese oxide-based electrode materials, an unambiguous appreciation of these basic questions and optimization of synthesis parameters and material properties are critical for the further development of EC devices (233 references).

Manganese oxide-based materials as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes

http://nathan.instras.com/MyDocsDB/doc-617.pdf

Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications

Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications

Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes – A review

We introduce a simple one-step method to synthesize MnO2/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coaxial nanowires by coelectrodeposition in a porous alumina template. Constant potential (typically 0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl) is applied on the bottom electrodes in the pores of the alumina template in aqueous solution containing manganese acetate (10 mM) and EDOT monomers (80 mM). We can easily control the structures of coaxial nanowires such as PEDOT shell thickness and nanowire length by varying the applied potential. Electrochemical properties of the coaxial nanowires were investigated for an electrochemical supercapacitor. Coaxial nanowires not only exhibit high specific capacitance values but also maintain them well at high current density. The well-maintained specific capacitance is mainly due to short paths of ion diffusion in the nanowires. Therefore, even at high current density (high power demand), the nanowire materials can be fully utilized. The porous nature of the PEDOT shell allows such fast ion dif...

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MnO2/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coaxial nanowires by one-step coelectrodeposition for electrochemical energy storage.

An overview of the electrochemistry of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)s (PXDOTs) is presented. As a class of conducting and electroactive polymers that can exhibit high and quite stable conductivities, a high degree of optical transparency as a conductor, and the ability to be rapidly switched between conducting doped and insulating neutral states, PXDOTs have attracted attention across academia and industry. Numerous fundamental aspects are addressed here in detail, ranging from the electrochemical synthesis of PXDOTs, a variety of in-situ characterization techniques, the broad array of properties accessible, and morphological aspects. Finally, two electrochemically-driven applications, specifically electrochromism and chemical sensors of PXDOTs are discussed.

S.M. Waybright

Papers

Electrochemistry of Poly(3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives