Objective evaluation of the activity of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of fundamental importance for the development of promising energy conversion technologies including integrated solar water-splitting devices, water electrolyzers, and Li-air batteries. However, current methods employed to evaluate oxygen-evolving catalysts are not standardized, making it difficult to compare the activity and stability of these materials. We report a protocol for evaluating the activity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency of electrodeposited oxygen-evolving electrocatalysts. In particular, we focus on methods for determining electrochemically active surface area and measuring electrocatalytic activity and stability under conditions relevant to an integrated solar water-splitting device. Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 per geometric area, approximately the current density expected for a 10% efficient solar-to-fuels conversion device. Utilizing ...

Benchmarking Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/23806/brug_84_the+analysis+of+electrode+impedances.pdf?sequence=1

The analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element

In this Review, we discuss the state-of-the-art understanding of non-precious transition metal oxides that catalyze the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Understanding and mastering the kinetics of oxygen electrocatalysis is instrumental to making use of photosynthesis, advancing solar fuels, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and metal–air batteries. We first present key insights, assumptions and limitations of well-known activity descriptors and reaction mechanisms in the past four decades. The turnover frequency of crystalline oxides as promising catalysts is also put into perspective with amorphous oxides and photosystem II. Particular attention is paid to electronic structure parameters that can potentially govern the adsorbate binding strength and thus provide simple rationales and design principles to predict new catalyst chemistries with enhanced activity. We share new perspective synthesizing mechanism and electronic descriptors developed from both molecular orbital and solid state band structure principles. We conclude with an outlook on the opportunities in future research within this rapidly developing field.

/pdf/toward-the-rational-design-of-non-precious-transition-metal-462cs631ks.pdf

Toward the rational design of non-precious transition metal oxides for oxygen electrocatalysis

Impedance of rough capacitive electrodes

This paper critically reviews analytical applications of the chemiluminescence from tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and related compounds published in the open literature between mid-1998 and October 2005. Following the introduction, which summarises the reaction chemistry and reagent generation, the review divides into three major sections that focus on: (i) the techniques that utilise this type of detection chemistry, (ii) the range of analytes that can be determined, and (iii) analogues and derivatives of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II).

S. Nagaura

Papers

Impedance of the oxygen-evolution reaction on noble metal electrodes

Anodic methoxylation of alkylbenzenes

An energetic explanation of the kolbe electrosynthesis

Impedance of electrode reactions under dc polarization

The initiation mechanism of the electro-initiated polymerization of the acetate-acrylic monomer systems