Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence? The Norwegian EPINCONT Study.

https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/Lucas-MG-et-al.-Eur-Urol-2012-6261130.-EAU-guidelines-on-assessment-and-nonsurgical-management-of-urinary-incontinence..pdf

EAU Guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is defined as “the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine” and is a common problem in the female population with prevalence rates varying between 10% and 55% in 15- to 64-year-old women. The most frequent form of urinary incontinence in women is stress urinary incontinence, defined as “involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing”. The aim of this article is to systematically review the literature on urinary incontinence and participation in sport and fitness activities with a special emphasis on prevalence and treatment in female elite athletes. Stress urinary incontinence is a barrier to women’s participation in sport and fitness activities and, therefore, it may be a threat to women’s health, self-esteem and well-being. The prevalence during sports among young, nulliparous elite athletes varies between 0% (golf) and 80% (trampolinists). The highest prevalence is found in sports involving high impact activities such as gymnastics, track and field, and some ball games. A ‘stiff’ and strong pelvic floor positioned at an optimal level inside the pelvis may be a crucial factor in counteracting the increases in abdominal pressure occurring during high-impact activities. There are no randomised controlled trials or reports on the effect of any treatment for stress urinary incontinence in female elite athletes. However, strength training of the pelvic floor muscles has been shown to be effective in treating stress urinary incontinence in parous females in the general population. In randomised controlled trials, reported cure rates, defined as <2g of leakage on pad tests, varied between 44% and 69%. Pelvic floor muscle training has no serious adverse effects and has been recommended as first-line treatment in the general population. Use of preventive devices such as vaginal tampons or pessaries can prevent leakage during high impact physical activity. The pelvic floor muscles need to be much stronger in elite athletes than in other women. There is a need for more basic research on pelvic floor muscle function during physical activity and the effect of pelvic floor muscle training in female elite athletes.

Urinary Incontinence, Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, Exercise and Sport

/pdf/guidelines-on-urinary-incontinence-30fr2tqh28.pdf

Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence

Subject of Research. The paper presents the study of a graphite-epoxy composite plate strain detection possibility by the fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor mounted on its surface. Method. The proposed method consisted in additional lowfrequency phase-generated carrier implementation in the impulse Fabry-Perot interferometer and its amplitude evaluation. The phase-generated carrier amplitude depends on the interferometer optical path difference, therefore, its value change can be used for the studied composite strain estimation. VCSEL with a wavelength of 1550 nm was used as a light source. The phase carrier was generated by current modulation of the light source that caused center wavelength shift of the VCSEL. Main Results. The low-frequency phase-generated carrier signal amplitude dependence on the interferometer optical path difference and wavelength shift of the light source were obtained. According to simulation results the sensitivity of the proposed method is 1.6 urad×ppm, 5.3 urad×ppm and 13.3 urad×ppm at different values of the coefficient Kd 30, 100 and 250 pm, respectively. Experimental study of the proposed method and results analysis were performed. According to experimental results, the accuracy of the proposed method was about 110% that corresponds to the sensor relative stretch of 10 e, while the accuracy of the market available fiber optic systems based on fiber Bragg grating sensors equals to 4 ppm. Practical Relevance. The proposed method can be used for strain detection of the graphite-epoxy composite constructions along with its acoustic emission control by one fiber-optic sensor.

http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vremennyh-parametrov-transmitralnogo-diastolicheskogo-potoka-pri-serdechno-sosudistoy-patologii.pdf

Особенности временных параметров трансмитрального диастолического потока при сердечно-сосудистой патологии

The aim of this study was, to determine the frequency of urinary loss in elite women athletes and dancers. Elite athletes in eight different sports, including ballet, filled in an evaluated questionnaire about urinary incontinence while participating in their sport/dancing and during daily life activities. A total of 291 women with a mean age of 22.8 years completed the questionnaire, providing a response rate of 73.9%. Overall, 151 women (51.9%) had experienced urine loss, 125 (43%) while participating in their sport and 123 (42%) during daily life. The proportion of urinary leakage in the different sports was: gymnastics 56%, ballet 43%, aerobics 40%, badminton 31%, volleyball 30%, athletics 25%, handball 21% and basketball 17%. During sport 44% had experienced leakage a few times, 46.4% now and then, and 9.6% frequently. During daily life the figures were: 61.7% a few times, 37.4% now and then, and 0.8% frequently. Of those who leaked during sport, 95.2% experienced urine loss while training versus only 51.2% during competition (P<0.001). The activity most likely to provoke leakage was jumping. Sixty per cent (91/151) occasionally wore pads or panty shields because of urine loss. Urinary leakage is common among elite athletes and dancers, particularly during training, but also during daily life activities.

S. Olesen

Papers

Urinary incontinence in elite female athletes and dancers.

Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe: Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment