According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

THE NEED FOR QUALITY The first thing that we need to consider, in any organization, is that quality is the most important thing. The quality of your work defines you.  Whoever you are,  Whatever you do,  I can find the same products and services cheaper somewhere else. But your quality is your signature. Developing and delivering high quality products and services means that you are doing things correctly from the beginning. As a consequence, you are reducing the need for additional services, from verification to warranty.

Total quality management.

It is considered by many that for industry to prosper into the 1990s it must adopt the principles of total quality control. These principles offer the opportunity to tap previously unused brainpower within an organisation, and to achieve what our potential overseas customers expect of us, that is, a guaranteed 100 per cent good product. This paper presents one company's ideas and methods of implementation. Tqc is very much a people thing, and requires employees at all levels to become familiar with, and practise basic charting and problem solving techniques. Economics do not allow us to load up our organisations with service departments. Quality must be controlled by the people at the workface (a).

Total quality control

Purpose



– The advent of recession at the beginning of twenty-first century forced many organizations worldwide to reduce cost and to be more responsive to customer demands. Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been widely perceived by industry as an answer to these requirements because LM reduces waste without additional requirements of resources. This led to a spurt in LM research across the globe mostly through empirical and exploratory studies which resulted in a plethora of LM definitions with divergent scopes, objectives, performance indicators, tools/techniques/methodologies, and concepts/elements. The purpose of this paper is to review LM literature and report these divergent definitions, scopes, objectives, and tools/techniques/methodologies. 




Design/methodology/approach



– This paper highlights various definitions by various researchers and practitioners. A total of 209 research papers have been reviewed for the research contribution, research methodology adopted, tools/techniques/methodologies used, type of industry, author profile, country of research, and year of publication. 




Findings



– There are plethora of LM definitions with divergent objectives and scope. Theory verification through empirical and exploratory studies has been the focus of research in LM. Automotive industry has been the focus of LM research but LM has also been adopted by other types of industries also. One of the critical implementation factors of LM is simultaneous adoption of leanness in supply chain. LM has become an integrated system composed of highly integrated elements and a wide variety of management practices. There is lack of standard LM implementation process/framework. 




Originality/value



– The paper reviews 209 research papers for their research contribution, research methodology, author profile, type of industry, and tools/techniques/methodology used. Various characteristics of LM definitions are also reviewed.

Lean manufacturing: literature review and research issues

A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry

Purpose – To review on the literature and contribute a comprehensive model that would identify the criteria for attaining agility and suggest a procedure to successfully implement it in manufacturing arena.Design/methodology/approach – The literature dealing with agile manufacturing (AM) criteria were studied. The meaning and definitions of AM were derived. Further, the criteria enunciated in certain papers were identified. These findings were used to design a 20 criteria agile model. Subsequently, its implementation procedure was designed.Findings – While reviewing the literature, the following observations were made: time and again, some researchers brought out certain criteria of AM; these criteria do not comprehensively focus towards attaining agility; the researchers who have contributed these criteria have failed to evolve an implementation procedure.Research limitations/implications – Contributions of this paper are based on reviewing the literature. Since, no survey in manufacturing arena has been...

Literature review on the agile manufacturing criteria

This paper reports a research carried out to assess the agility level of an organisation using a multi-grade fuzzy approach. Agility refers to the capability of an organisation to respond quickly in accordance with the dynamic demands of the customers. During this research, an agility index measurement model containing 20 criteria incorporated with the multi-grade fuzzy approach was designed. Subsequently, the data gathered from a manufacturing company was substituted in this model and the proposals for enhancing the agility level of this company were derived. The usage of the model contributed in this paper will indicate the actions required to enhance an organisation's agility level. This process will accelerate the absorption of agility characteristics in modern organisations.

Agility index measurement using multi-grade fuzzy approach integrated in a 20 criteria agile model

Purpose – To provide maintenance engineering community with a model named “Maintenance quality function deployment” (MQFD) for nourishing the synergy of quality function deployment (QFD) and total productive maintenance (TPM) and enhancing maintenance quality of products and equipmentDesign/methodology/approach – The principles of QFD and TPM were studied MQFD model was designed by coupling these two principles The practical implementation feasibility of MQFD model was checked in an automobile service stationFindings – Both QFD and TPM are popular approaches and several benefits of implementing them have been reported worldwide Yet the world has not nourished the synergic power of integrating them The MQFD implementation study reported in this paper has revealed its practical validityResearch limitations/implications – Since MQFD requires strategic decision making, the management commitment and support are required to test implement it Since the case study was conducted in a public sector service 

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Integrating TPM and QFD for improving quality in maintenance engineering

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adoption of rapid prototyping (RP) technology using three dimensional (3D) printer for infusing agility in traditional manufacturing environment.Design/methodology/approach – The computer aided design (CAD) model of a knob of an electronics switch is developed using Pro/E software. Keeping this model as a reference, CAD models of new six knobs are developed. A 3D printer is used to build the prototypes of five of those CAD models. The receptivity of the practitioners over adopting CAD models and 3D printer for achieving agility is investigated.Findings – The sensitisation of the industry captains and employees of traditional manufacturing sector is the imperative for exploiting the power of 3D printer and achieving mass customisation.Originality/value – The paper reports an original research in which the practicality of using 3D printer is investigated with the objective of enabling the traditional manufacturing companies to imbibe agile characteri...

Agility through rapid prototyping technology in a manufacturing environment using a 3D printer

In the present study, the predictive model is developed to observe the effect of radial rake angle on the end milling cutting tool by considering the following machining parameters: spindle speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut, and radial depth of cut. By referring to the real machining case study, the second-order mathematical models have been developed using response surface methodology (RSM). A number of machining experiments based on statistical five-level full factorial design of experiments are carried out in order to collect surface roughness values. The direct and interaction effects of the machining parameter with surface roughness are analyzed using Design Expert software. The optimal surface roughness value can be attained within the specified limits by using RSM. The genetic algorithm (GA) model is trained and tested in MATLAB to find the optimum cutting parameters leading to minimum surface roughness. The GA recommends 0.25 μm as the best minimum predicted surface roughness value. The confirmatory test shows the predicted values which were found to be in good agreement with observed values.

S.R. Devadasan

Papers

Literature review on the agile manufacturing criteria

Agility index measurement using multi-grade fuzzy approach integrated in a 20 criteria agile model

Integrating TPM and QFD for improving quality in maintenance engineering

Agility through rapid prototyping technology in a manufacturing environment using a 3D printer

Prediction of surface roughness of end milling operation using genetic algorithm