Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds: apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater

Sampling and Data Treatment Methods Sampling Methods in Surface Waters, Munro Mortimer, Jochen F. Muller, and Matthias Liess Methods of Treatment of Data, Riccardo Leardi Radioanalytical Analysis Radioanalytical Methodology for Water Analysis, Jorge S. Alvarado Organoleptical Analysis Organoleptical Methodology, Abdul Moheman, Md. Musawwer Khan, and K. S. Siddiqi Analysis of Biological Parameters Bacteriological Analysis of Water, Paulinus Chigbu and Salina Parveen Marine Toxins Analysis, Luis M. Botana, A. Alfonso, M. R. Vieytes, N. Vilarino, A. M. Botana, C. Louzao, and C. Vale Algal Analysis, Leonardo Rubi Rorig Halogens, N-Compounds, and Phosphates Halogens, Geza Nagy and Livia Nagy Analysis of Sulfur Compounds in Water, Leo M. L. Nollet Determination of Ammonia in Water Samples, Juliana Antunes Galvao, Alexandre Matthiensen, Marilia Oetterer, Y. Moliner-Martinez, R. A. Gonzalez-Fuenzalida, M. Munoz-Ortuno, R. Herraez-Hernandez, J. Verdu-Andres, C. Molins-Legua, and P. Campins Falco Nitrites and Nitrates, Adnan Aydin Phosphates in Aquatic Systems, Alexandre Matthiensen, Juliana Antunes Galvao, and Marilia Oetterer Cyanides, Asbestos, Metals, and Si-Compounds Cyanides, Leo M. L. Nollet Asbestos in Water, James S. Webber Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements, Jorge E. Marcovecchio, Sandra E. Botte, Claudia E. Domini, and Ruben H. Freije Determination of Silicon and Silicates, Salah M. Sultan Organic Parameters Main Parameters and Assays Involved with the Organic Pollution of Water, Lorena Vidal, Claudia E. Domini, and Antonio Canals Determination of Organic Nitrogen in the Aquatic Environment, Juliana Antunes Galvao, Alexandre Matthiensen, and Marilia Oetterer Determination of Urea in Aquatic Samples, Juliana Antunes Galvao, Alexandre Matthiensen, and Marilia Oetterer Organic Acids, Mercedes Gallego Fernandez, Evaristo Ballesteros Tribaldo, and Beatriz Jurado Sanchez Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water, Ivan P. Roman Falco and Marta Nogueroles Moya Phenolic and Humic Compounds Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Water, Leo M. L. Nollet Characterization of Humic Matter, Leo M. L. Nollet Residues of Pesticides Determination of Pesticides in Water, Evaristo Ballesteros Tribaldo Analysis of Herbicide and Fungicide Residues in Waters, N. Sridhara Chary, Maria Jose Gomez Ramos, and Amadeo R. Fernandez-Alba Residues of PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFS, and PAHs Analysis of PCBs in Waters, L. Bartolome, O. Zuloaga, and N. Etxebarria PCDDs and PCDFs, Luigi Turrio-Baldassarri, Paola Pettine, and Laura Achene Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Chimezie Anyakora Surfactants and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Analysis Surfactants, Eva Pocurull and Rosa Maria Marce Petroleum Hydrocarbon Analysis, Ivan P. Roman Falco EDCs and Residues of Plastics Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Eleni Evgenidou Residues of Plastics, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Eleni Evgenidou Index

Handbook of Water Analysis

107Ag 51.8 91Zr16O+ (6)(9) 109Ag 48.2 92Zr16O1H+ (9) 27Al 100. 12C15N+, 13C14N+, 14N2 spread, 1H12C14N+ (11)(18)(29) 75As 100. 40Ar35Cl+, 59Co16O+, 36Ar38Ar1H+, 38Ar37Cl+, 36Ar39K, (2)(9)(15)(19)(22)(33)(34) CaO2, 23Na12C40Ar, CPO2 (35) 197Au 100. 181Ta16O+ (9) 11B 80.09 12C spread (18) 130Ba 0.106 RuO2 (32) 132Ba 0.101 RuO2 (32) 134Ba 2.417 RuO2 (32) 136Ba 7.854 RuO2 (32) 209Bi 100. 193Ir16O+ (32) 79 Br 50.54 40Ar39K+, PO3, 38Ar40Ar1H+ (19)(22) 81Br 49.46 SO3H, 40Ar40Ar1H+, SO3 (19)(22) 40Ca 96.97 40Ar+ (4)(22) 42Ca 0.64 ArH2 (12)(22) 43Ca 0.145 27Al16O+ (21) 44Ca 2.06 CO2, N2O, 28Si16O+ (12)(22)(29) 46Ca 0.003 NO2, 32S14N+ (22) 48Ca 0.19 33S15N+, 34S14N+, 32S16O+ (22) 110Cd 12.5 K2O (6) 111Cd 12.8 95Mo16O+, 94Zr16O1H+, K2O2H (1)(6) 112Cd 24.1 Ca2O2, Ar2O2, 96Ru16O+ (6)(32) 113Cd 12.22 96Zr16O1H+, Ca2O2H, Ar2O2H, 96Ru17O+ (1)(6)(32) 114Cd 28.7 98Mo16O+, 98Ru16O+ (6)(32) 116Cd 7.49 100Ru16O+ (32) A Table of Polyatomic Interferences in ICP-MS

https://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/46-74379ATL_TableOfPolyatomicInterferences.pdf

A Table of Polyatomic Interferences in ICP-MS

Biomonitoring of 30 trace elements in urine of children and adults by ICP-MS

The number of metal-on-metal bearings used clinically continues to increase, particularly in young, active patients. The single greatest concern with the use of a metal-on-metal bearing continues to be the elevated levels of metal ions measurable in patients' blood and urine following implantation. There are multiple complex issues associated with the analysis of metal ions, including collection techniques, analysis, statistical methodologies, and reporting of results. To date, the literature on this topic has been characterized by significant variability in all of these factors. This paper seeks to establish a consensus among 3 investigators who have been working in this area and to offer guidelines on the complex methodology involved in the evaluation of metal concentration in patients following metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties.

A consensus paper on metal ions in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties.

The systemic distribution of corrosion and wear products from total
joint replacement devices in the human body needs to be better understood.
This requires the measurement of metal ions, especially Al, Ti and V, at
ppb and sub-ppb levels in serum and other organic matrices. Both ETAAS and
NAA have been reported for determining some of the elements, but neither
is completely suitable for determining all three elements in serum at the
levels encountered in control subjects and in patients with
well-functioning devices. A method is described for the simultaneous
determination of Al, Ti and V in serum using ETV–ICP-MS. Spectral
interferences from the serum matrix were circumvented or alleviated by the
careful selection of analytical masses, chemical modifiers and the
temperature programme of the electrothermal vaporizer. The serum matrix
was found to influence the transport of analytes (carrier effect) from the
furnace to the plasma. The carrier effect was corrected by using major
component matrix matching with internal standardization, and good recovery
was obtained. Detection limits of 0.7, 0.4 and 0.1 ppb in serum were
obtained for Al, Ti and V, respectively. NIST SRM 1598 Bovine Serum and a
pooled human serum were analysed. The Al concentration found was
3.8±0.8 ppb while the V concentration was below the detection limit
of 0.1 ppb, compared with the certified value for Al of 3.7±0.9 ppb
and the information value for V of 0.06 ppb (no value is given for Ti in
SRM 1598). The Ti value obtained for the pooled human serum sample was
within the concentration range previously reported for normal human
serum.

Simultaneous determination of aluminium, titanium and vanadium in serum by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The effects of chemical form and instrumental memory on the
determination of technetium-99 (
 99
Tc) in aqueous environmental
samples by ICP-MS were investigated. Using an assortment of cationic,
anionic and neutral Tc and Re complexes, a comparison of the ICP-MS method
with the established methods of liquid scintillation counting (LSC) for Tc
and neutron activation analysis (NAA) for Re gave lower than expected Tc
and Re values by ICP-MS owing to loss of sample in the delivery system.
Oxidation of the complexes prior to analysis and the addition of Triton
X-100 to the sample solution eliminated this problem. Instrumental memory,
resulting from interactions of 99
Tc with the peristaltic pump
tubing and the alumina injection port tube, caused significant increases
in the background count rate during analysis. Aspiration with a nitric
acid solution between sample runs to clean the system effectively
eliminated this problem. These techniques were applied to simulated tap
water and actual river water samples, and the accuracy was assessed
through LSC and spike recovery experiments. The detection limit of the
ICP-MS method was found to be 0.6 ppt with an RSD of less than 10%, and
these results were within 4% of the LSC results. The sensitivity of the
ICP-MS method for the determination of 99
Tc is much superior to
that of the alternative radioanalytical methods when accounting for the
data acquisition time for identical, low-concentration samples such as are
often found in the environment.

Determination of Technetium-99 in Aqueous Solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Effects of Chemical Form and Memory

Furnace atomic absorption is a very sensitive method for determination of lead and other trace metals in a variety of samples, but it is prone to matrix interferences. A major improvement in the method is achieved by the use of a L'vov platform, a small piece of graphite placed inside the furnace tube, onto which the sample solution is pipetted. The temperature of the platform rises more slowly than that of the tube wall during the atomization cycle, and sample vaporization is delayed until the furnace atmosphere is at a high and nearly constant temperature. The resulting atomization behavior is more consistent and less matrix-dependent for numerous analyte elements, including lead. Results are further improved by addition of ammonium phosphate to all samples and standards as a matrix modifier. For example, in comparing analyte sensitivity (slope of the absorbance vs concentration curve) in a variety of food sample types to the sensitivity in dilute HNO3, the average lead response showed 60 +/- 15% suppression due to the sample matrices. Use of the L'vov platform and matrix modifier virtually eliminated the suppression and improved the precision.

Food analysis for lead using furnace atomic absorption and a L'vov platform.

A commercial inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometer was modified to employ an air-hydrogen flame in place of the ICP as an ion source. A liquid nitrogen trap was placed in the vacuum line to remove water. A very simple intrinsic mass spectral background was obtained with the hydrogen flame ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS). Molecular ions such as K(H
 2
O)
 +
, Na(H
 2
O)
 +
, Ca(H
 2
O)
 +
 and CaOH(H
 2
O)
 x
 +
 (x=0-2) were observed when solutions containing Na, K or Ca were aspirated. Although the presence of the molecular ions complicated the mass spectra, it also provided a wider choice of analytical masses for an analyte. Isotope ratio measurements of Ca were made with both Ca
 +
 and CaOH
 +
 species at masses 40, 44, 57 and 61. Better isotope ratio precision was obtained at CaOH
 +
 masses relative to those for Ca
 +
 because the sensitivity was about 10 times higher. Isotope ratio measurement of K was made at masses 39 and 41. A ratio precision of about 0.2 and 0.5% was obtained for K and Ca, respectively. The results suggest that the FIMS is suitable for the isotope ratio measurement of K and Ca in simple matrices, and that the air-hydrogen flame is a more desirable ion source than an air-acetylene flame for FIMS.

/pdf/characterization-of-a-hydrogen-flame-as-an-ion-source-for-17o893p4bx.pdf

S. Roy Koirtyohann

Papers

Simultaneous determination of aluminium, titanium and vanadium in serum by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Determination of Technetium-99 in Aqueous Solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Effects of Chemical Form and Memory

Food analysis for lead using furnace atomic absorption and a L'vov platform.

Characterization of a hydrogen flame as an ion source for mass spectrometry

Laser-enhanced ionization spectroscopy of sodium atoms in an air-hydrogen flame with mass spectrometric detection