Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and ascorbic acid content, were measured in both intercellular fluid and cell material of current and 1-year-old needles of Norway spruce saplings treated with ozone, ambient air and activated carbon-filtered air in outdoor fumigation chambers. Ethylene evolution was also compared. Plants from carbon-filtered air treatments had significantly lower enzyme activities and higher ascorbic acid content. These changes were more marked in intercellular fluid than in cell material. Significant changes were noted at ozone levels typical of ambient air quality in a typical urban area. These results suggest the need for simultaneous screening of several biochemical markers as a way of overcoming the lack of specificity of any single marker for the identification of a perturbation by a particular stress, such as ozone.

‘Waldsterben’, part IV (continuing series)

Introduction: The Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative.- Section 1. Characterization of the Condition of Southern Commercial Forests.- 1.Southern Pine Forests of North America.- 2.Soils, Geomorphology, and Land Use of the Southeastern United States.- 3.Air Quality and Atmospheric Deposition in Southern U.S. Forests.- Section 2. Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors on Southern Pine Forests.- 4.Response of Loblolly Pine to Moisture and NutrientStress.- 5. An Overview of Responses of Southern Pines to Airborne Chemical Stresses.- 6.Biotic Agents of Stress in the South.- 7. Interactive Effects of Air Pollutants with Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Southern Pine Forests.- Section 3. Growth and Physiological Effects of Regional Air Pollutants on Southern Pins.- 8. Atmospheric Deposition and Soil Resources of the Southern Pine Forest.- 9. Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and the Mycorrhizae of Southern Commercial Forest Trees.- 10. Growth Response of Southern Pines to Acidic Precipitation and Ozone.- 11. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Air Pollutants on Southern Pines.- Section 4. Impacts of Atmospheric Deposition and Ozone on Southern Commercial Pines: A Synthesis of Epidemiological and Mechanistic Studies.- 12. Synthesis and Conclusions from Studies of Southern Commercial Pines.

/pdf/impact-of-air-pollutants-on-southern-pine-forests-5e0yjtbebv.pdf

Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests

Plant peroxidase has a thiol oxidase function

Abstract Eleven plant species were exposed to ozone and/or sulfur dioxide to determine if a mixture of the two gases enhanced foliar injury. Tobacco, radish, and alfalfa developed more injury than the additive injury of the single gases. In other species, such as cabbage, broccoli, and tomato, the foliar injury from mixed-gas exposures was additive or less than additive. Leaf injury from the ozone/sulfur dioxide mixture appeared as upper surface flecking, stipple, bifacial necrosis, and lower surface glazing and, in general, appeared similar to injury from oxidant or ozone. The concentrations of ozone and sulfur dioxide that caused plant injury were similar to those found in urban areas. These concentrations may result in yield losses to plants grown under field conditions.

Dunning and w.w. heck, foliar injury responses of eleven plant species to ozone/sulfur dioxide mixtures

Glutathione as an indicator of SO2-induced stress in soybean

Fumigation experiments with SO2 and ozone on young spruces. Needles of 5 year old Picea abies showed increased necrosis with increase in ozone or SO2 fumigation. Peroxidase activity increased without obvious injury after SO2 treatment. Soluble sulfhydril compounds were most suitable for detecting SO2 treatments. SO2-ozone mixture produced an effect greater than SO2 or ozone alone.

S. Smidt

Papers

Begasungsversuche mit SO2 und Ozon an jungen Fichten