This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.

As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

The C programming language

The BELLE detector for experiments at KEKB, a high luminosity, energy asymmetric B-factory, is now being constructed at KEK. An overview of the detector systems and their status is presented.

The Belle detector

Glueballs, Hybrids, Multiquarks. Experimental facts versus QCD inspired concepts

Semiconductor photodiodes were developed in the early `Forties approximately at the time when the photomultiplier tube became a commercial product (RCA 1939) Only in recent years, with the invention of the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, have the semiconductor photo detectors reached sensitivity comparable to that of photomultiplier tubes The evolution started in the `Sixties with the p-i-n (PIN) photodiode, a very successful device, which is still used in many detectors for high energy physics and a large number of other applications like radiation detection and medical imaging The next step was the development of the avalanche photodiode (APD) leading to a substantial reduction of noise but not yet achieving single photon response The weakest light flashes that can be detected by the PIN diode need to contain several hundreds of photons An improvement of the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude was achieved by the development of the avalanche photodiode, a device with internal gain At the end of the millennium, the semiconductor detectors evolved with the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode into highly sensitive devices, which have an internal gain comparable to the gain of photomultiplier tubes and a response to single photons A review of the semiconductor photo detector design and development, the properties and problems, some applications and a speculative outlook on the future evolution will be presented

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/4/04/P04004/pdf

Advances in solid state photon detectors

About 120 baryons and baryon resonances are known, from the abundant nucleon with $u$ and $d$ light-quark constituents up to the recently discovered $\Omega_b^-=bss$, and the $\Xi_b^-=bsd$ which contains one quark of each generation In spite of this impressively large number of states, the underlying mechanisms leading to the excitation spectrum are not yet understood Heavy-quark baryons suffer from a lack of known spin-parities In the light-quark sector, quark-model calculations have met with considerable success in explaining the low-mass excitations spectrum but some important aspects like the mass degeneracy of positive-parity and negative-parity baryon excitations are not yet satisfactorily understood At high masses, above 18 GeV, quark models predict a very high density of resonances per mass interval which is not observed In this review, issues are identified discriminating between different views of the resonance spectrum; prospects are discussed how open questions in baryon spectroscopy may find answers from photo- and electro-production experiments which are presently carried out in various laboratories

Baryon spectroscopy

The crystal Barrel spectrometer used at LEAR, CERN to study the products of pd annihilations is described. A 1380 element array of Csl crystals measures photons from the decay of π0, η, η′ and ω mesons. A segmented drift chamber in a 1.5T magnetic field is used to identify and measure charged particles. A fast on-line trigger on charged and neutral multiplicities and on the invariant mass of secondary particles is available. The performance of the detector is discussed.

/pdf/the-crystal-barrel-spectrometer-at-lear-2huwzxn0q9.pdf

S. Spanier

Papers

The crystal barrel spectrometer at LEAR

anti-p p annihilation at rest into K0(L) K0(S) pi0 pi0