The text consists of two sections, one for those studying or practicing diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology; the other for those engaged in the study or clinical practice of radiation oncology--a new chapter, on radiologic terrorism, is specifically for those in the radiation sciences who would manage exposed individuals in the event of a terrorist event. The 17 chapters in Section I represent a general introduction to radiation biology and a complete, self-contained course especially for residents in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine that follows the Syllabus in Radiation Biology of the RSNA. The 11 chapters in Section II address more in-depth topics in radiation oncology, such as cancer biology, retreatment after radiotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents and hyperthermia.

Radiobiology for the Radiologist

Background—Children with heart disease are frequently exposed to imaging examinations that use ionizing radiation. Although radiation exposure is potentially carcinogenic, there are limited data on cumulative exposure and the associated cancer risk. We evaluated the cumulative effective dose of radiation from all radiation examinations to estimate the lifetime attributable risk of cancer in children with heart disease. Methods and Results—Children ≤6 years of age who had previously undergone 1 of 7 primary surgical procedures for heart disease at a single institution between 2005 and 2010 were eligible for the study. Exposure to radiation-producing examinations was tabulated, and cumulative effective dose was calculated in millisieverts. These data were used to estimate lifetime attributable risk of cancer above baseline using the approach of the Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII. The cohort included 337 children exposed to 13 932 radiation examinations. Conventional radiographs re...

Cumulative Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risk Estimation in Children With Heart Disease

Competitive Advantage of PET/MRI

Radiological imaging is claimed to carry iatrogenic risk of cancer, based upon an uninformed commitment to the 70-year old linear no-threshold hypothesis (LNTH). Credible evidence of imaging-related low-dose (

http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2016/08/03/jnumed.116.180182.full.pdf

Subjecting Radiologic Imaging to the Linear No-Threshold Hypothesis: A Non Sequitur of Non-Trivial Proportion.

Use of PET/MR in children has not previously been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Children with systemic malignancies may benefit from the reduced radiation exposure offered by PET/MR. We report our initial experience with PET/MR hybrid imaging and our current established sequence protocol after 21 PET/MR studies in 15 children with multifocal malignant diseases. The effective dose of a PET/MR scan was only about 20% that of the equivalent PET/CT examination. Simultaneous acquisition of PET and MR data combines the advantages of the two previously separate modalities. Furthermore, the technique also enables whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and statements to be made about the biological cellularity and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of tumours. Combined PET/MR saves time and resources. One disadvantage of PET/MR is that in order to have an effect, a significantly longer examination time is needed than with PET/CT. In our initial experience, PET/MR has turned out to be an unexpectedly stable and reliable hybrid imaging modality, which generates a complementary diagnostic study of great additional value.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00247-012-2570-4.pdf

PET/MR in children. Initial clinical experience in paediatric oncology using an integrated PET/MR scanner

The value of pediatric nuclear medicine is well established. Pediatric patients are referred to nuclear medicine from nearly all pediatric specialties including urology, oncology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and orthopedics. Radiation exposure is associated with a potential, small, risk of inducing cancer in the patient later in life and is higher in younger patients. Recently, there has been enhanced interest in exposure to radiation from medical imaging. Thus, it is incumbent on practitioners of pediatric nuclear medicine to have an understanding of dosimetry and radiation risk to communicate effectively with their patients and their families. This article reviews radiation dosimetry for radiopharmaceuticals and also CT given the recent proliferation of PET/CT and SPECT/CT. It also describes the scientific basis for radiation risk estimation in the context of pediatric nuclear medicine. Approaches for effective communication of risk to patients' families are discussed. Lastly, radiation dose reduction in pediatric nuclear medicine is explicated.

https://tech.snmjournals.org/content/jnmt/40/1/13.full.pdf

Minimizing and Communicating Radiation Risk in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine

The present invention is directed toward novel fluorine-18 labeled rhodamine dye derivatives and methods of making the same. The present invention is also directed toward methods of using novel fluorine-18 labeled rhodamine dye derivatives as positron emission tomography imaging agents and myocardial perfusion imaging agents.

S. Ted Treves

Papers

Minimizing and Communicating Radiation Risk in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine

Novel fluorine-18 labeled rhodamine derivatives for myocardial perfusion imaging with positron emission tomography

Novel fluorine-18 labeled rhodamine derivatives for imaging with positron emission tomography

Thymic uptake of radioiodine in children and young adults with thyroid cancer

Utility of bone scintigraphy as an adjunct to FDG-PET in the initial evaluation of Ewing's sarcoma