Showing papers by "S. Thameem Dheen published in 2021"

Functions and applications of metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles in orthopedic implants and scaffolds.

Abstract: Bone defects and diseases are devastating, and can lead to severe functional deficits or even permanent disability. Nevertheless, orthopedic implants and scaffolds can facilitate the growth of incipient bone and help us to treat bone defects and diseases. Currently, a wide range of biomaterials with distinct biocompatibility, biodegradability, porosity, and mechanical strength is used in bone-related research. However, most orthopedic implants and scaffolds have certain limitations and diverse complications, such as limited corrosion resistance, low cell proliferation, and bacterial adhesion. With recent advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles have become the subject of significant interest as they offer an ample variety of options to resolve the existing problems in the orthopedic industry. More importantly, these nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical and mechanical properties not found in conventional materials, and can be incorporated into orthopedic implants and scaffolds to enhance their antimicrobial ability, bioactive molecular delivery, mechanical strength, osteointegration, and cell labeling and imaging. However, many metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles can also be toxic to nearby cells and tissues. This review article will discuss the applications and functions of metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles in orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering.

Synthesis methods of functionalized nanoparticles: a review

Abstract: With the recent advancement in nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) offer an ample variety of smart functions than conventional materials in various aspects. As compared to larger particles, NPs possess unique characteristics and excellent abilities, such as low toxicity, chemical stability, surface functionality, and biocompatibility. These advantageous properties allow them to be widely utilized in many applications, including biomedical applications, energy applications, IT applications, and industrial applications. In order to fulfill the increasing demands of NP applications, existing NP synthesis methods need to be improved based on the requirements of different applications to further their usage. A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between synthesis parameters and properties of NPs can help us better fine-tune them with designed properties and minimal toxicity. This review paper will discuss the commonly used synthesis methods of functionalized NPs, as well as future directions and challenges to develop various synthesis methods further.