Stanford Moore, William Stein, and Anfinsen were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972 for \"their contribution\n to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease\n molecule.\" In his Nobel Lecture, Anfinsen provided a sketch of the rich history of research that provided the foundation\n for his work on protein folding and the \"Thermodynamic Hypothesis,\" and outlined potential avenues of current and\n future scientific exploration.

https://web.iitd.ac.in/~amittal/1973_Anfinsen_Science.pdf

Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains

Aquatic chemistry is becoming both a rewarding and substantial area of inquiry and is drawing many prominent scientists to its fold. Its literature has changed from a compilation of compositional tables to studies of the chemical reactions occurring within the aquatic environments. But more than this is the recognition that human society in part is determining the nature of aquatic systems. Since rivers deliver to the world ocean most of its dissolved and particulate components, the interactions of these two sets of waters determine the vitality of our coastal waters. This significant vol ume provides not only an introduction to the dynamics of aquatic chem istries but also identifies those materials that jeopardize the resources of both the marine and fluvial domains. Its very title provides its emphasis but clearly not its breadth in considering natural processes. The book will be of great value to those environmental scientists who are dedicated to keeping the resources of the hydrosphere renewable. As the size of the world population becomes larger in the near future and as the uses of materials and energy show parallel increases, the rivers and oceans must be considered as a resource to accept some of the wastes of society. The ability of these waters and the sediments below them to accommodate wastes must be assessed continually. The key questions relate to the capacities of aqueous systems to carry one or more pollutants."

Metal pollution in the aquatic environment

The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids.

9.2. Protein-Based Hg(II) Detectors 3467 9.3. Oligonucleotide-Based Hg(II) Detector 3467 9.4. DNAzyme-Based Hg(II) Detectors 3469 9.5. Antibody-Based Hg(II) Detector 3469 10. Mercury Detectors Based on Materials 3469 10.1. Soluble and Fluorescent Polymers 3469 10.2. Membranes, Films, and Fibers 3471 10.3. Micelles 3473 10.4. Nanoparticles 3473 11. Perspectives 3474 12. Addendum 3475 12.1. Small Molecules 3475 12.2. Biomolecules 3477 12.3. Materials 3477 13. List of Abbreviations 3477 14. Acknowledgments 3478 15. References 3478

Tools and tactics for the optical detection of mercuric ion.

This review covers the toxicology of mercury and its compounds. Special attention is paid to those forms of mercury of current public health concern. Human exposure to the vapor of metallic mercury dates back to antiquity but continues today in occupational settings and from dental amalgam. Health risks from methylmercury in edible tissues of fish have been the subject of several large epidemiological investigations and continue to be the subject of intense debate. Ethylmercury in the form of a preservative, thimerosal, added to certain vaccines, is the most recent form of mercury that has become a public health concern. The review leads to general discussion of evolutionary aspects of mercury, protective and toxic mechanisms, and ends on a note that mercury is still an "element of mystery."

The Toxicology of Mercury and Its Chemical Compounds

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/181/4096/230.full.pdf

Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq

Before the widespread outbreak of methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning that occurred in Iraq during the winter of 1971-1972 due to the eating of MeHg-contaminated bread, the reported data on human fetal MeHg poisoning were restricted to 1 report by Y. Harada about a group of severely affected children in Japan and 1 case in the USA reported by R. D. Snyder. Since the mothers had few or no symptoms, the concept arose that in the pregnant women the target organ for MeHg toxicity is the fetal brain. The affected children had severe psychomotor deficits. Appropriate analyses of maternal and infant index media were not available until the 1974 report of L. Amin-Zaki et al., which provided data on 15 mother-infant pairs who had been exposed to high levels of MeHg while the infant was in utero. The lowest blood mercury level in an infant with neurological signs was 564 ng/ml (or parts per billion, ppB). The results reported here are part of an extension of the Amin-Zaki study that includes a larger number of children who were exposed to lower ranges of MeHg in utero and explores dose-response relationships in fetal MeHg poisoning by relating peak maternal hair mercury concentrations tomore » neurological deficits in the children.« less

S. Tikriti

Papers

Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq

Fetal methylmercury poisoning: new data on clinical and toxicological aspects.