Influence of silica nanospheres on the separation performance of thin film composite poly(piperazine-amide) nanofiltration membranes

The treatment of oil or surfactant-containing wastewater emitted from diverse sources is imperative to meet the ever-growing requirement of clean and drinking water. Membrane Distillation (MD) has been considered as one of the propitious technologies for the treatment of highly saline wastewater. In addition to saline water, lately, it has been also used for the purification of the oil-containing feed stream. In this paper, we begin with an overview of different sources of oily wastewater and techniques used for the treatment of oil-containing feed streams along with the discussion of their merits and demerits. Further, we provide a deep insight into the MD process with its configurations, the perceptive of different researchers during the MD investigation for treating various types of oil-in-water emulsions, and the development of the amphiphobic, omniphobic, or Janus membrane particularly suitable for the low-surface tension liquids. Also, the MD operating variables and their influence pattern on MD flux have been briefly discussed. The paper highlights that the integrated or hybrid MD systems can effectively reduce the membrane fouling or pore wetting by removing the foulant up to a great extent using ultrafiltration, coagulation/flocculation, microfiltration, forward osmosis, etc. as the pre-treatment steps.

Use of membrane distillation for oily wastewater treatment – A review

Preparation and characterization of inexpensive kaolin hollow fibre membrane (KHFM) prepared using phase inversion/sintering technique for the efficient separation of real oily wastewater

In this work, the performances of membranes with different properties were evaluated for their capabilities in treating anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (AT-POME). Unlike raw POME, AT-POME is the effluent that has been biologically treated to reduce mainly the organic compounds present in the effluent. The treated effluent however still demonstrates brownish by the time it is discharged to receiving water bodies. The samples treated by membranes were assessed with respect to two colour parameters, i.e. absorbance at 370 nm wavelength and ADMI value. Other parameters also considered were total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Results showed that nanofiltration membrane (NF270) always demonstrated greater colour removal efficiencies in comparison to ultrafiltration membranes (UF 10 kDa and UF 30kDa). The NF270 membrane achieved 97.4–97.9% colour removal compared to 72.4–75.4% and 48.1–50.5% shown by UF 10 kDa and UF 30 kDa, respectively. Further sample quality analyses revealed that NF membrane could achieve higher TOC and TN removal than those of UF membranes. Although NF membrane demonstrated excellent separation, its performance was compromised by low water flux (6.58 L/m 2  h at 10 bar). Since the treated effluent is not targeted for reuse, employing UF 10 kDa membrane with reasonably good rejection rate coupled high water flux (9.66 L/m 2  h at 5 bar) is considered good enough to meet the discharged requirements. Further investigations have shown that UF 10 kDa membrane is less susceptible to fouling when it is operated at low pressure and for the fouled membrane, chemical cleaning could be employed to retrieve water flux.

Tackling colour issue of anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent using membrane technology

Effect of MBR-H2O2/UV Hybrid pre-treatment on nanofiltration performance for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater

In this work, two commercial ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, i.e. UF PES-10 kDa and UF PVDF-100 kDa and two nanofiltration (NF) membranes, i.e. NF-90 and NF-270 were used to treat restaurant wastewater discharged from local medium-sized restaurant which served typical Malay halal foods. The wastewater which was subject to membrane treatment process was collected at the point of discharge without undergoing any pre-treatment process. The separation performances of membranes were characterized with respect to BOD 5 , COD, turbidity and conductivity removal while the membrane sustainability was evaluated based on the water flux recovery. Promising results of COD and turbidity removal (between 97.8 and 99.9%) were able to achieve regardless of membrane type, indicating the size of pollutants contributing to COD and turbidity values are significantly larger than 100 kDa. Removal rates of BOD 5 and conductivity were found to be strongly dependent on the membrane pore size. As NF-90 exhibited the smallest pore structure among the membranes studied, it showed the highest BOD 5 (86.8%) and conductivity removal (82.3%). In terms of sustainability, it is found that the original water flux of NF-90 was able to be retrieved by >50% compared to between 15 and 38% reported in the UF membranes, after only a simple rinsing process. This indicated that NF-90 is less susceptible to fouling and is more suitable and reliable to be employed for restaurant wastewater treatment.

Treatment of restaurant wastewater using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

Introduction: The mosque has many roles and functions, one of which is economic empowerment. As a place for economic empowerment, mosques must play a role in the economic recovery of people who have experienced adversity during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out how is the role of mosques in the community's economy during the Covid-19 pandemic. 
Methods: The research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. 
Results: The results of the study show that the Jogokariyan Mosque has succeeded in recovering the community's economy during the pandemic with various programs. These programs are given to the poor in the form of basic necessities and given to MSME actors by holding people's markets; mosques help market participants by providing Al-Qardh loans, providing education about entrepreneurship, and providing free shopping vouchers for the poor and mosque congregations to stimulate sales of people's market participants. 
Conclusion and suggestion: Mosque administrators must work better in managing their mosques so that mosques can maximize their roles and functions and not only be used as places of worship. The role and function of the mosque can solve all the problems of the congregation.

The role of mosques in community economic recovery during the covid-19 pandemic

Electronic waste (E-waste) is currently one of the waste streams with the most significant growth rate due to the incredible technological advancement and greater use of information and telecommunications (IT) technologies. One of the main concerns regarding environmental contamination that people worldwide have is the management of electronic waste. This problem is due to the quickly rising use of technological devices. As a result, electrical and electronic equipment has a finite shelf life and eventually becomes outdated. Lack of knowledge regarding the amount of waste produced and the transit of materials is one of the problems Indonesian governments have while handling e-waste. This study aimed to outline the possibilities of producing electronic waste in Setu, Tangerang Selatan. Online surveys of respondents from households were used as the methodology, but just for appliances like refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, laptops, and mobile phones. Since this problem becomes one of the most challenging parts of gaining the closest data to the actual waste stream, it is thought that this method is an effective way to gather the vast amounts of data required for the government to establish related policies. Fifty-two residences in Setu District, Tangerang Selatan City, were surveyed using a modified UNEP questionnaire. The study’s findings revealed that in terms of quantity-78 units produced as opposed to 244 units of the products listed-mobile phones are the most frequently produced electronic waste. Meanwhile, the refrigerator accounts for the most significant percentage of e-waste in terms of weight, or 40.93%. The findings of this study help policymakers create a formal e-waste management system by allowing them to calculate the amount of e-waste generated in Setu, Tangerang Selatan. Additionally, the approach used can be a valuable, user-friendly tool to produce the closest actual data that are typically required by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, such as to develop a database that becomes a part of Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN) or National Waste Management Information System.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012055/pdf

Inventory analysis of potential electronic waste generation in Setu, Tangerang Selatan

Currently, the decline in the quality of river and lake water continues, for this reason, activities to control pollution and improve river and lake water quality are required. One effort to prevent this problem is to implement online water quality monitoring technology continuously and in real time. The information generated from the water quality monitoring system can be used as a basis for planning watershed management and determining river and lake water management policies at the national and regional levels. The purpose of this activity is to analyze river and lake water quality data and evaluate the performance of the monitoring systems in 16 water quality monitoring stations that have been built. The data being analyzed is from 2016 to 2020 and includes the parameters of temperature, conductivity, TDS, DO, pH, and turbidity. The 16 station locations are spread over the Ciliwung River, Cisadane River, Citarum River, Serayu River, Bengawan Solo River, and Lake Toba. This research method uses descriptive statistical analysis and the STORET method, which refers to the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 115 of 2003 and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results of this study indicate that most of the rivers monitored fall into the moderate to heavily polluted category, especially the rivers downstream of the Ciliwung, Cisadane, and Bengawan Solo rivers. The results of the analysis of DO, TDS, conductivity, and turbidity parameters from 16 monitoring stations, mostly met the Class II quality standards.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012052/pdf

S. Zulaikha

Papers

Treatment of restaurant wastewater using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

The role of mosques in community economic recovery during the covid-19 pandemic

Inventory analysis of potential electronic waste generation in Setu, Tangerang Selatan

Water Quality Data Analysis from the Onlimo Monitoring System at 16 Stations in Priority Watersheds and Lakes