IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

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Electromagnetic Simulation Using The Fdtd Method

A compact tree shape planar quad element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna bearing a wide bandwidth for 5G communication operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum is proposed The radiating element of the proposed design contains four different arcs to achieve the wide bandwidth response Each radiating element is backed by a 157 mm thicker Rogers-5880 substrate material, having a loss tangent and relative dielectric constant of 00009 and 22, respectively The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system based on 10 dB criterion is from 23 GHz to 40 GHz with a port isolation of greater than 20 dB The measured radiation patterns are presented at 28 GHz, 33 GHz and 38 GHz with a maximum total gain of 1058, 887 and 1145 dB, respectively The high gain of the proposed antenna further helps to overcome the atmospheric attenuations faced by the higher frequencies In addition, the measured total efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna is observed above 70% for the millimeter wave frequencies Furthermore, the MIMO key performance metrics such as Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are analyzed and found to conform to the required standard of MEG < 3 dB and ECC < 05 A prototype of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system is fabricated and measured The experimental results validate the simulation design process conducted with Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/6/1031/pdf

A Novel High Gain Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

A compact dual-frequency ( 38 / 60 GHz ) microstrip patch antenna with novel design is proposed for 5G mobile handsets to combine complicated radiation mechanisms for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is composed of two electromagnetically coupled patches. The first patch is directly fed by a microstrip line and is mainly responsible for radiation in the lower band ( 38 GHz ). The second patch is fed through both capacitive and inductive coupling to the first patch and is mainly responsible for radiation in the upper frequency band ( 60 GHz ). Numerical and experimental results show good performance regarding return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency, and gain. The impedance matching bandwidths achieved in the 38 GHz and 60 GHz bands are about 2 GHz and 3.2 GHz , respectively. The minimum value of the return loss is − 42 dB for the 38 GHz band and − 47 for the 60 GHz band. Radiation patterns are omnidirectional with a balloon-like shape for both bands, which makes the proposed single antenna an excellent candidate for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system constructed from a number of properly allocated elements for 5G mobile communications with excellent diversity schemes. Numerical comparisons show that the proposed antenna is superior to other published designs.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2541/pdf

A Novel Dual-Band (38/60 GHz) Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile Handsets

In this paper, we have introduced a compact eight-element antenna array for triple-band MIMO (multi-input multi-output) operation in 5G (fifth generation) mobile terminals, which consists of two symmetric four-element sub-arrays disposed, respectively, along two long side-edges of the system ground plane of the mobile terminal. This antenna element can operate at two dual-wideband of 3250-3820 MHz and 4790-6200 MHz with three resonance frequencies which can fully cover 5G NR (New Radio) BandN78 (3300-3800 MHz), China 5G-Band of 4800-5000 MHz and LTE Band-46 (5150-5925 MHz). The main parameters that characterize the performance of the proposed MIMO antenna system, such as bandwidth, reflection coefficient, isolation (more than 10.5 dB), total radiation efficiency (more than 43%), ECC (envelope correlation coefficient, less than 0.12) and CC (channel capacity, 34.9-37.6 bps/Hz), are analyzed and presented in this paper. Besides, the effects of single-hand and dual-hand on performance of the MIMO antenna system are also discussed. The structure of antenna element is only 15 mm × 3 mm (0.175 λ
 0
 × 0.035 λ
 0
, λ
 0
 is the free-space wavelength at the frequency of 3.5 GHz) with a very small ground clearance of 13 mm × 2 mm on the main board of the proposed mobile terminal. The antenna system has the possibility to be used in 5G mobile terminals with triple-band operation, narrow frame and large display. The corresponding antennas prototype is fabricated and measured; and a quite good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained.

/pdf/compact-eight-element-antenna-array-for-triple-band-mimo-4vamo9m6si.pdf

Compact Eight-Element Antenna Array for Triple-Band MIMO Operation in 5G Mobile Terminals

This work presents a systematic design of high performance eight element antenna array for a 5G mobile terminal operating at 2.6/3.5 GHz bands. The proposed eight element slot antenna array based on unit monopole slot antenna embedded in the metal casing or ground resonates at fundamental mode at 2.6 GHz. The antenna array is developed from four antennas (open-end slot antenna) etched near to the corner edges of the printed circuited board with supported pairs of vertically mounted slot antennas in middle section of the long edge ground plane. This combination of the antenna elements provided pattern diversity and enabled the smartphone in the reception of the signal in a different direction. The impedance bandwidth based on -10 dB return loss criteria cover from 2.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz includes the two allocated bands of (2400 MHz to 2600 MHz) and (3400 MHz to 3600 MHz) for 5G cellular communication systems. The vital MIMO performance measures as envelope correlation coefficient or ECC is less than 0.2 for any two antenna array meeting the required standard of less than 0.5 alongside the mean effective gain or MEG ratio of any two antenna meeting the required standard of less than 3 dB for power balance and optimal diversity performance. As modern smartphone demand desires slim handsets, the after mentioned compact multiple antenna structure can be easily implemented for the future smartphones as it utilizes the conductive sheet or chassis and the middle vertically mounted antenna do not use the additional space of the chassis or ground. The customer hand or human hand effect on the multiple antenna array to mimic the use of mobile phone customer is also studied. The maximum MIMO Channel capacity based on measured result is 34.25bps/Hz and is about 3 times of 2 × 2 MIMO operations.

Eight Element Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications

In this paper, the systematic design of a multiple antenna system for 5G smartphone operating at 3.5 GHz for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation in smartphones is proposed. The smartphone is preferred to be lightweight, thin, and attractive, and as a result metal casings have become popular. Using conventional antennas, such as a patch antenna, Inverted-F antennas, or monopole, in proximity to metal casing leads to decreasing its total efficiency and bandwidth. Therefore, a slot antenna embedded in the metal casing can be helpful, with good performance regarding bandwidth and total efficiency. The proposed multiple antenna system adopted the unit open-end slot antenna fed by Inverted-L microstrip with tuning stub. The measured S-parameters results agree fairly with the numerical results. It attains 200 MHz bandwidth at 3.5 GHz with ports isolation of (≤−13 dB) for any two antennas of the system. The influence of the customer’s hand for the proposed multiple antenna system is also considered, and the MIMO channel capacity is computed. The maximum achievable MIMO channel capacity based on the measured result is 31.25 bps/Hz and is about 2.7 times of 2 × 2 MIMO operation.

High-Performance Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna System For 5G Mobile Terminals

In this paper, a novel single layer Multiple Input–Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for Fifth-Generation (5G) 28 GHz frequency band applications is proposed and investigated. The proposed MIMO antenna operates in the Ka-band, which is the most desirable frequency band for 5G mm-wave communication. The dielectric material is a Rogers-5880 with a relative permittivity, thickness and loss tangent of 2.2, 0.787 mm and 0.0009, respectively, in the proposed antenna design. The proposed MIMO configuration antenna element consists of triplet circular shaped rings surrounded by an infinity-shaped shell. The simulated gain achieved by the proposed design is 6.1 dBi, while the measured gain is 5.5 dBi. Furthermore, the measured and simulated antenna efficiency is 90% and 92%, respectively. One of the MIMO performance metrics—i.e., the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)—is also analyzed and found to be less than 0.16 for the entire operating bandwidth. The proposed MIMO design operates efficiently with a low ECC, better efficiency and a satisfactory gain, showing that the proposed design is a potential candidate for mm-wave communication.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/2/165/pdf

Infinity shell shaped mimo antenna array for mm-wave 5g applications

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme refers to the technology where more than one antenna is used for transmitting and receiving the information packets. It enhances the channel capacity without more power. The available space in the modern compact devices is limited and MIMO antenna elements need to be placed closely. The closely spaced antennas undergo an undesirable coupling, which deteriorates the antenna parameters. In this paper, an ultra wide-band (UWB) MIMO antenna system with an improved isolation is presented. The system has a wide bandwidth range from 2–13.7 GHz. The antenna elements are closely placed with an edge to edge distance of 3 mm. In addition to the UWB attribute of the system, the mutual coupling between the antennas is reduced by using slotted stub. The isolation is improved and is below −20 dB within the whole operating range. By introducing the decoupling network, the key performance parameters of the antenna are not affected. The system is designed on an inexpensive and easily available FR-4 substrate. To better understand the working of the proposed system, the equivalent circuit model is also presented. To model the proposed system accurately, different radiating modes and inter-mode coupling is considered and modeled. The EM model, circuit model, and the measured results are in good agreement. Different key performance parameters of the system and the antenna element such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain, channel capcity loss (CCL) gain, radiation patterns, surface currents, and scattering parameters are presented. State-of-the-art comparison with the recent literature shows that the proposed antenna has minimal dimensions, a large bandwidth, an adequate gain value and a high isolation. It is worth noticeable that the proposed antenna has high isolation even the patches has low edge-to-edge gap (3 mm). Based on its good performance and compact dimensions, the proposed antenna is a suitable choice for high throughput compact UWB transceivers.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/10/1582/pdf

Saad Hassan Kiani

Papers

Eight Element Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications

A Novel High Gain Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

High-Performance Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna System For 5G Mobile Terminals

Infinity shell shaped mimo antenna array for mm-wave 5g applications

Isolation Improvement in UWB-MIMO Antenna System Using Slotted Stub