도시 재생(Urban Regeneration)의 본질

Strong earthquakes in mountainous areas can trigger a large number of landslides that generate deposits of loose and unconsolidated debris across the landscape These deposits can be easily remobilised by rainfalls, with their movement frequently evolving into catastrophic debris flows and avalanches This has been the fate of many of the 200,000 co-seismic deposits generated by the 2008 Mw 79 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China Here we present one of the first studies on the post-seismic patterns of landsliding through a detailed multi-temporal inventory that covers a large portion of the epicentral area (4625 km2) We quantify changes of size-frequency distribution, active volumes and type of movement We analyse the possible factors controlling landslide activity and we discuss the significance of mapping uncertainties We observe that the total number of active landslides decreased with time significantly (from 9189 in 2008 to 221 in 2015), and that post-seismic remobilisations soon after the earthquake (2008–2011) occurred stochastically with respect to the size of the co-seismic deposits Subsequently (2013–2015), landslide rates remained higher in larger deposits than in smaller ones, particularly in proximity to the drainage network, with channelised flows becoming comparatively more frequent than hillslope slides However, most of the co-seismic debris remained along the hillslopes and are largely stabilised, urging to rethink the way we believe that seismic activity affects the erosion patterns in mountain ranges

Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory

‘Smart cities’ are a new type of city where stakeholders are jointly responsible for urban management. City Information Management (CIM) is an output tool for smart city planning and management, which assists in achieving the sustainable development of urban infrastructure, and promotes smart cities to achieve the goals of stable global economic development, sustainable environmental development, and improvement of people’s quality of life. Existing research has so far established that blockchain and BIM have great potential to enhance construction project performance. However, there is little research on how blockchain and BIM can support sustainable building design and construction. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the potential impact of the integration of blockchain and BIM in a smart city environment on making buildings more sustainable within the context of CIM/Smart Cities. The paper explores the relationships between blockchain, BIM and sustainable building across the life cycle stage of a construction project. This paper queries the Web of Science (WoS) database with keywords to obtain relevant publication, and then uses the VOSviewer to visually analyze the relationships between blockchain, BIM, and sustainable building within the context of smart cities and CIM, which is conducted in bibliometric analysis followed by micro scheme analysis. The results demonstrate the value of this method in gauging the importance of these three topics, highlighting their interrelationships and identifying trends, giving researchers an objective research direction. Those aspects reported in the paper constitute an original contribution.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2090/pdf

Blockchain and Building Information Management (BIM) for Sustainable Building Development within the Context of Smart Cities

Seismic resilience evaluation based on vulnerability curves for existing and retrofitted typical RC school buildings

Different methods and procedures have been developed to define prioritisation strategies of retrofit interventions aimed at reducing the seismic risk of school buildings on a large territorial scal...

A proactive and resilient seismic risk mitigation strategy for existing school buildings

The recent medium and strong-intensity earthquakes have caused high economic losses and have highlighted a low resilience of communities. The former are due to the high vulnerability of the buildings and the correlated economic system. Thus, for each single building, relatively simple investigations and effective strategies could be defined. The resilience of communities is strongly conditioned by the housing system, and their long recovery time by several social-economic-management issues. In other words, the seismic resilience of communities seems to be very poor. Besides, only in the last years have studies on the seismic resilience of the housing system been developed, but in general only in a qualitative or conceptual way. In this study, some evaluations and proposals are reported about the actual resilience of the communities and its investigation model. Finally, a new model to improve and quantify the resilience of the communities is proposed. It is useful to define mitigation strategies based on the prioritization of the retrofit interventions oriented towards the increase of resilience. Similarly, priority schemes should be able to address the economic resources on the less seismically resilient areas and building types. The proposed model allows a first attempt in the probabilistic quantification of resilience communities based on the housing system.

New resilience model of communities based on numerical evaluation and observed post seismic reconstruction process

A model to support the decision-making in urban regeneration

The latest Italian seismic events have highlighted a high discrepancy between the potential destructiveness of an earthquake and the consequent economic losses due to damage to buildings. The main reason for this mismatch is the high number of vulnerable residential buildings or the low-to-medium vulnerability of buildings that are reaching the ends of their service lives. Awareness of the economic impact of seismic vulnerability should be a matter of primary interest for public administrations, private and insurance companies, banks, owners, and professionals, despite operating at different territorial levels and with different objectives. Quantification of the expected monetary consequence of seismic vulnerability, in terms of the probable cost of repairing earthquake damage, plays a key role in defining new and more effective seismic risk mitigation strategies. Retrofitting strategies based on intervention priority defined only according to the structural seismic risk level of buildings are incorrect. These strategies neglect several important issues, such as the financial losses caused by building damage. A new procedure for estimating the expected seismic direct economic losses resulting from building damage (repair/replacement measures) is proposed and applied. The fundamental roles of analytical fragility curves and cost ratio functions in the new procedure are highlighted.

An Optimized Procedure to Estimate the Economic Seismic Losses of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to Seismic Damage

A new software for estimating the depreciated reproduction cost implemented in BIM / [Un nuovo software per la stima del costo di riproduzione deprezzato implementato in ambiente BIM]

The recent earthquakes have highlighted a significant economic losses and a low resilience of communities, particularly in historic centers of the town. These effects are mainly due to the high vulnerability of buildings and the correlated economic system. The consequences of the long recovery time on social-economic-management issues are often dramatic. This study proposes an economic and social sustainability approach for the conservation and enhancement of historical and cultural heritage exposed to natural risks and social dynamics. This approach, which develops in three phases, is based on the part that here is detailed on the construction of different quantitative measures of community resilience. In this way, integrated retrofitting interventions and mitigation strategies should be considered and evaluated in order to define the most effective action plan to maximize the resilience.

Sabina Tataranna

Papers

New resilience model of communities based on numerical evaluation and observed post seismic reconstruction process

A model to support the decision-making in urban regeneration

An Optimized Procedure to Estimate the Economic Seismic Losses of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to Seismic Damage

A new software for estimating the depreciated reproduction cost implemented in BIM / [Un nuovo software per la stima del costo di riproduzione deprezzato implementato in ambiente BIM]

Conservation, Enhancement and Resilience of Historical and Cultural Heritage Exposed to Natural Risks and Social Dynamics