The tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman shows a transition between the Late Cretaceous ophiolite emplacement related tectonics recorded along the Oman Mountains and Dibba Zone to the SE and the Late Cenozoic continent-continent collision tectonics along the Zagros Mountains in Iran to the northwest. Three stages in the continental collision process have been recognized. Stage one involves the emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite from NE to SW onto the Mid-Permian–Mesozoic passive continental margin of Arabia. The Semail Ophiolite shows a lower ocean ridge axis suite of gabbros, tonalites, trondhjemites and lavas (Geotimes V1 unit) dated by U-Pb zircon between 96.4–95.4 Ma overlain by a post-ridge suite including island-arc related volcanics including boninites formed between 95.4–94.7 Ma (Lasail, V2 unit). The ophiolite obduction process began at 96 Ma with subduction of Triassic–Jurassic oceanic crust to depths of > 40 km to form the amphibolite/granulite facies metamorphic sole along an ENE-dipping subduction zone. U-Pb ages of partial melts in the sole amphibolites (95.6– 94.5 Ma) overlap precisely in age with the ophiolite crustal sequence, implying that subduction was occurring at the same time as the ophiolite was forming. The ophiolite, together with the underlying Haybi and Hawasina thrust sheets, were thrust southwest on top of the Permian–Mesozoic shelf carbonate sequence during the Late Cenomanian–Campanian. Subduction ended as unsubductable cherts and limestones (Oman Exotics) jammed at depths of 25–30 km. The Bani Hamid quartzites and calc-silicates associated with amphibolites derived from alkali basalt show high-temperature granulite facies mineral assemblages and represent lower crust material exhumed by late-stage out-of-sequence thrusting. Ophiolite obduction ended at ca. 70 Ma (Maastrichtian) with deposition of shallow-marine limestones transgressing all underlying thrust sheets. Stable shallow-marine conditions followed for at least 30 million years (from 65–35 Ma) along the WSW and ENE flanks of the mountain belt. Stage two occurred during the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene when a second phase of compression occurred in Musandam as the Arabian Plate began to collide with the Iran-western Makran continental margin. The Middle Permian to Cenomanian shelf carbonates, up to 4 km thick, together with pre-Permian basement rocks were thrust westwards along the Hagab Thrust for a minimum of 15 km. Early Miocene out-of-sequence thrusts cut through the shelf carbonates and overlying Pabdeh foreland basin in the subsurface offshore Ras al Khaimah and Musandam. This phase of crustal compression followed deposition of the Eocene Dammam and Oligocene Asmari formations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), but ended by the mid-Miocene as thrust tip lines are all truncated along a regional unconformity at the base of the Upper Miocene Mishan Formation. The Oligocene–Early Miocene culmination of Musandam and late Cenozoic folding along the UAE foreland marks the initiation of the collision of Arabia with Central Iran in the Strait of Hormuz region. Stage three involved collision of Arabia and the Central Iran Plate during the Pliocene, with ca. 50 km of NE-SW shortening across the Zagros Fold Belt. Related deformation in the Musandam Peninsula is largely limited to north and eastward tilting of the peninsula to create a deeply indented coastline of drowned valleys (rias).

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Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and northern Oman Mountains: From ophiolite obduction to continental collision

Impact of stylolitization on diagenesis of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir from a giant oilfield, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

A gravity survey was conducted over and around Jabal Hafit, located on the border between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman on the western edge of the northern Oman Mountains, as part of a study to investigate the subsurface structures and sedimentary sequences of the area. This new data, together with outcrop geology, well data and measurements of physical properties of rock samples, was integrated with a new interpretation of reprocessed commercial seismic reflection profiles recorded across the Jabal Hafit anticline.

We recognize five major tectonostratigraphic sequences in the seismic profiles: Mesozoic shelf carbonates; Upper Cretaceous foreland (primarily Fiqa Formation); the Hawasina allochthon; and Upper Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary, and Upper Tertiary sequences. The seismic sections suggest that Jabal Hafit represents a backfolded anticline associated with a steep east-vergent thrust that probably lies above a blind thrust fault along the base of the foreland basin sequence at depth. The lack of onlapping and thinning in the Lower Tertiary sequence suggests that the initiation of folding may have started after the Oligocene-Miocene and corresponds to the beginning of the collision of Arabia and central Iran along the Zagros suture in Iran. In addition, the seismic sections suggest a pop-up structure beneath the Jabal Hafit structure at the base of the foreland basin sequence. The structure is bounded by high-angle listric reverse faults that cut downward through the Mesozoic shelf carbonates and are interpreted to be related to the inversion of deep structures.

NNW to SSE trending positive residual gravity anomalies of up to +8 mGal occur on the Jabal Hafit and Al-Ain anticlines. These positive gravity highs are attributed to uplifted basement structures which probably resulted from the reactivation of deep-seated fault blocks. The residual Bouguer anomaly values decline gradually to the east and west of Jabal Hafit probably due to the deepening of the basement. A large negative gravity anomaly of <−5 mGal is observed east of Jabal Hafit and coincides with a syncline which caused thickening of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences.

Integrated gravity and seismic investigation over the jabal hafit structure: implications for basement configuration of the frontal fold-and-thrust belt of the northern oman mountains

Saddle dolomite and calcite cements as records of fluid flow during basin evolution: Paleogene carbonates, United Arab Emirates

https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/60042952/Hollis_et_al_post_reviewer_author_approved_ms.pdf

Saeed Saad Al-Menhali

Papers

Structural Styles and Tectonic Evolution of Onshore and Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE