Security of Data is the most important task in today's world. Over the years various encryption schemes have been developed in order to protect the database from various attacks by the intruders. This paper discuses the importance of database encryption and makes an in depth review of various database encryption techniques and compare them on basis of their merits and demerits.

Database security using encryption

the volume of data storage capacity has changed a lot as compared with earlier times. As most computers were standalone and only the users had access to data, security was not a big concern. All this changed when computers became linked in networks, in form of small dedicated networks to large LANs, WANs and the World Wide Web. With the growth of networking the security of data became a big issue. Data passes through various networks, communication protocols, and devices to ultimately reach to the user which has made data security increasingly important. Security is becoming one of the most urgent challenges in database research and industry. Instead of building walls around servers, a protective layer of encryption should be provided around specific sensitive data-items. This also allows us to define which data stored in databases are sensitive and thereby focusing the protection only on the sensitive data, which in turn minimizes the delays or burdens on the system that may occur from other bulk encryption methods. This paper describes a highly original and new approach of securing numeric data of databases. It presents a practical solution to the problem where numeric data was converted to alphanumeric type and hence encrypted data was not possible to be stored in the existing numeric field. The proposed algorithm allows transparent record level encryption that does not change the data field type or fixed length.

Numeric To Numeric Encryption of Databases: Using 3Kdec Algorithm

This paper introduces the current trend towards the use of Electronic-Payment (E-Payment) in Malaysia as an alternative to cash and their risk perceptions. It aims to gain more insights into reasons on why young adults are adopting as well as not adopting E-Payment and their perception of risks on E-Payment as compared to cash. College students from private universities in a metropolitan city in Malaysia were chosen as respondents for this study. The findings show the different risk perceptions are significant among cash and E-Payment but less significant in terms of volume of purchase. We discuss the implications of the findings to service providers and policy makers and offer some recommendations to improve the e-payment service quality. Finally, the limitations of study and the future directions of research are discussed.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2011/Cambridge/AIKED/AIKED-20.pdf

Risk perception of the E-payment systems: a young adult perspective

The internet has become the main tool to search for information. This is particularly the case for the tourism industry, where online searches are becoming increasingly popular. The ongoing growth ...

The Role of the Internet as a Tool to Search for Tourist Information

CRM is a business strategy which aims to create value for both organization and customers through initiating and maintaining customer relat ionships. As a core strategy, CRM is based on using a market ing info rmation system and the company's IT infrastructure. CRM technology plays an important role in creating customer knowledge, which is the core of any CRM initiat ive. The CRM strategy will not yield the expected results without the proper use of informat ion technology in the CRM processes. Organizational CRM read iness is related to the level of available technological resources which may be oriented towards CRM imp lementation. This paper examines the direct outcomes of the CRM activit ies, as well the relationship among these outcomes and business performance. We also analyzed the effect of the level of o rganizat ional CRM readiness on the degree to which companies implemented CRM activit ies. We conducted a survey on 50 co mpanies operating in the Armenia, which revealed that CRM imp lementation generates superior business performance.

/pdf/crm-and-business-performance-b7smk37uff.pdf

CRM and Business Performance

Although Customer Relationship Management is no longer a buzz word in businesses today the application continues to play an important in enhancing firms' competitiveness. At a general level, competition in cyberspace is becoming more intense. With vast information available at the click of the mouse, consumers may easily switch at low cost, thus gaining higher bargaining power in the electronic marketplace. In turn, companies have no choice but to rethink their marketing strategies in order to retain customers. Apparently, one of the ways to gain higher market share companies have sought to use information technology to learn the needs and preferences of their customers - building log-term relationships. This study attempts to investigate the extent to which companies utilize the Internet technology to help build customer relationships. This study aimed to assess the usage level of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) tools by telecommunication companies. The results indicated that companies are indifferent in their levels of usage for informational and transactional tools but are significantly different in the adoption of relational tools. We discuss the results and suggest some directions for future research.

/pdf/evaluating-the-adoption-level-of-electronic-customer-48n1n7eosy.pdf

Evaluating the adoption level of electronic customer relationship management by telecommunication companies

Information inside the database is shared by multiple parties such as internal users, partners, contractors and others. Sensitive data stored in database could be a target to attackers. The attacker for data stored in database not only from external but also from within the organization. Adding the database encryption, valuable information in database becomes more secure since the encrypted data ensure the confidentiality of the data. A new affine block cipher named Enhanced Affine Block Cipher technique is proposed for database encryption. This algorithm improves the weakness of the original affine cipher. The new encoding schema and modification Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation for block cipher is designed for the new algorithm and then the prototype of the system is built and implemented into existing system for protecting user password. The result has shown that the algorithm is working properly, where the decryption process produced similar output as the original plaintext and it ran through specified configuration and evaluated thoroughly with respect to database approach and algorithm technique to prove the design.

https://www.naun.org/main/UPress/ami/ami-17.pdf

The Design and Implementation of Database Encryption

Databases are vulnerable to attack from internal and external threats. Sensitive data stored in database appeared as target to attackers. Adding the database encryption, valuable information in database becomes more secure since the encrypted data ensure the confidentiality of the data. A new affine block cipher named Enhanced Affine Block Cipher technique is proposed for database encryption. This algorithm improves the weakness of the original affine cipher. The new encoding schema and modification Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation for block cipher is designed for the new algorithm. The result has shown that the algorithm is working properly, where the decryption process produced similar output as the original plaintext and it ran through specified configuration and evaluated thoroughly with respect to database approach and algorithm technique to prove the design.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2008/sofia/MMACTEE/mm-9.pdf

Database encryption using enhanced affine block cipher algorithm

Electronic Commerce (ecommerce) is very important nowadays since its introduction during the inception of the Internet. Organizations had realized the advantages of using the Internet for making online transactions especially for cost reduction and also improved customers' satisfaction. The electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) features are the main factors that contribute to the success of any ecommerce web site. It is essential to identify the common eCRM features in service industry, and the features, which could be implemented in the Telecommunication web sites. Thus, by comparing Malaysian Telecommunication and Asia region web site and also with other regions had revealed important pattern of eCRM features used by these web sites. Almost 77 eCRM features were identified in this research, and total numbers of 103 telecommunication companies web sites were observed to ensure the validity and accuracy of the features. The identification of the eCRM features is believed to help Telecommunication companies to include important features and exclude unnecessary features from their websites.

eCRM features in telecommunication websites

Competition in cyberspace is becoming more intense. With vast information available on the Internet consumers may easily switch at low cost, thus gaining higher bargaining power in the electronic marketplace. In turn, companies have sought to use information technology to learn the needs and preferences of their customers. This study attempts to investigate the extent to which companies utilize the Internet technology to help build customer relationships. This study aimed to assess the usage level of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) tools by telecommunication companies. The results indicated that companies are indifferent in their levels of usage for informational and transactional tools but are significantly different in the adoption of relational tools. We discuss the results and suggest some directions for future research.

Saharbudin Naim Tahir Shah

Papers

Evaluating the adoption level of electronic customer relationship management by telecommunication companies

The Design and Implementation of Database Encryption

Database encryption using enhanced affine block cipher algorithm

eCRM features in telecommunication websites

An assessment of electronic customer relationship management adoption by telecommunication companies