3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review☆ ☆

Recent advances in the science and technology of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

Heterogeneous Catalysts for the One-Pot Synthesis of Chemicals and Fine Chemicals

Catalytic combustion, as an alternative to conventional thermal combustion, has received considerable attention during the past decade. Research efforts have been promoted by the need to meet governmental demands concerning pollution and the wish to use energy sources more efficiently. The two main advantages offered by catalytic combustors over flame combustors apply to these goals: Catalytic combustion can be carried out over a wide range of fuel concentrations in air and at low temperatures. These low temperatures result in attaining NO, emission levels substantially lower than possible with conventional combustors.

Catalytic Materials for High-Temperature Combustion

The use of monoliths in automotive emission control systems has dominated the applications of monoliths. However, other applications have also become of interest due to unique features of monoliths. Several excellent reviews on emission control [1–3] and catalytic oxidations [4] have been published during the last few years. Deluca and Campbell [5] have reviewed monoliths used as catalyst supports. This paper reviews flow characterization, heat and mass transfer, mathematical modeling, properties of monolithic supports, and nonautomobile applications of monoliths.

Monolithic Catalysts for Nonautomobile Applications

On mesure l'epaisseur d'un film liquide entre une bulle de gaz et la paroi du tube dans un ecoulement de Taylor pour des systemes air/eau, air/ethanol et air/glycerol Calcul de l'epaisseur du film et de la forme des bulles par les equations de Navier et Stokes et par les equations de tension superficielle

Liquid film in Taylor flow through a capillary

Mass transfer and liquid-phase reactions in a segmented two-phase flow monolithic catalyst reactor

A finite-element analysis of Taylor flow in a cylindrical capillary was performed using a commercial FEM program (FIDAP) to solve the fundamental fluid dynamics equations together with the capillary forces at the gas–liquid interface. A moving-surface formulation was used to calculate the bubble shape. The thickness of the liquid film surrounding the gas bubble, the degree of mixing in the liquid phase, and the slip velocity between the two phases were calculated. These parameters influence the performance of monolith reactors operating in the Taylor flow regime. On comparison with experimental results it was found that the FEM calculation generally predicts a thinner liquid film, which can possibly be explained in terms of a peripheral variation in surface tension. Moreover, the wavelength of the wiggles predicted in the liquid film near the tail end of the bubble was compared to those arising from a simplified mathematical analysis available in the literature. Good agreement was found for Ca < 0.005, while for higher Ca the FEM predicts significantly shorter wavelengths, indicating that the lubrication theory is not valid here.

Finite‐element analysis of Taylor flow

The gas-liquid mass transfer in two-phase flow through a capillary has been measured for water-air, ethanol-air and ethylene glycol-air systems. A semi-theoretical model has been developed and compared with experimental results. and a full computer simulations of the flow pattern and mass transfer using a flow simulation program have been made. The measured values are about 30% less than the calculated values.



On a mesure le transfert de matiere gaz-liquide dans un ecoulement biphasique dans un capillaire pour des systemes eau-air, ethanol-air et ethylene glycol-air. Un modele semi-theorique a ete mis au point et compare avec les resultats experimentaux, et des simulations du profil d'ecoulement et du transfert de matiere ont ete effectuees par ordinateur a l'aide d'un programme de simulation d'ecoulement. Les valeurs mesurees sont environ 30% inferieures aux valeurs calculees.

Said Irandoust

Papers

Monolithic Catalysts for Nonautomobile Applications

Liquid film in Taylor flow through a capillary

Mass transfer and liquid-phase reactions in a segmented two-phase flow monolithic catalyst reactor

Finite‐element analysis of Taylor flow

Gas-liquid mass transfer in taylor flow through a capillary