Showing papers by "Sakari Lemola published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain, where participants were asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeats, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales.
Abstract: Introduction Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain. Methods and analysis We aim to recruit 198 participants (aged 18–65 years) with chronic pain, to complete two waves of experience sampling over 1 week, 6 months apart (time 1 and time 2). During each wave of experience sampling, the participants are asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeat, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales. Sleep and physical activity will be measured using a daily diary as well as with wrist actigraphy worn continuously by participants throughout each wave. Linear mixed models and Gaussian graphical models will be fit to the data to: (1) examine the within-person, day-to-day association of mental defeat with outcomes (ie, pain, physical/social activity, medication use and sleep), (2) examine the dynamic temporal and contemporaneous networks of mental defeat with all outcomes and the hypothesised mechanisms of outcomes (ie, perceived stress, mood, attention and self-compassion). Ethics and dissemination The current protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority and West Midlands—Solihull Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 17/WM0053). The study is being conducted in adherence with the Declaration of Helsinki, Warwick Standard Operating Procedures and applicable UK legislation.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the associations of both subjectively and objectively measured physical activity with stress experiences and affective wellbeing and found that light physical activity during the day was associated with a smaller increase/higher decrease in feeling stressed from morning to evening.
Abstract: Previous studies reported that physical activity could buffer the negative association of psychological stress with affective wellbeing. However, the studies that examined this relation in everyday life have assessed physical activity only by self-report but not with objective measures such as accelerometry. We therefore investigated the associations of both subjectively and objectively measured physical activity with stress experiences and affective wellbeing. A total of 90 university students participated in a 10-day experience sampling and diary study during their examination period and reported about stress experiences, physical activity, and affective states. Physical activity was additionally assessed using accelerometry in 50 of the participants. Subjectively assessed physical activity and objectively assessed light physical activity were associated with feeling less stressed in the evening. Also, light physical activity during the day was associated with a smaller increase/higher decrease in feeling stressed from morning to evening. The association of stress experience with negative affect was moderated by objective light physical activity. No interactive effects of stress intensity and physical activity on affective wellbeing were found. On stressful days, physical activity may buffer the negative association between stress and affective wellbeing. Particularly light physical activity as assessed with accelerometry seems to play an important role. It may be beneficial for students' affective wellbeing to increase or at least maintain physical activity during examination periods.
TL;DR: For example, this article found that those born extremely preterm (EPT) had marginally lower mathematics grades compared with full-term counterparts, whilst those born late preterm or early term had slightly higher grades.
Abstract: Attendance in special education (SE) is more common among individuals born preterm than among those born at term. Less is known about school grades of those born preterm in mainstream education (ME), and how these grades predict later educational attainment. This population-based register-linkage study assessed (1) attendance in SE, and then focused on those in ME by assessing (2) school grades at 16 year, (3) completed educational level at 25 year, and (4) school grades as predictors for completed education by gestational age (GA) with full-term birth (39-41 completed weeks) as reference. The sample comprised 223,744 individuals (10,521 preterm, 4.7%) born in Finland (1/1987-9/1990). Of the sample, 4.9% attended SE. Those born preterm had up to 5.5-fold rates for SE. In ME, those born extremely preterm (EPT) had marginally lower mathematics grades compared with full-term counterparts, whilst those born late preterm or early term had slightly higher grades. Those born EPT or very preterm had lower physical education grades in ME. However, the minor differences in school grades according to GA appear not to translate into educational differences in young adulthood. The associations between school grades at 16 year and completed education at 25 year did not vary by GA.