Showing papers by "Sakiko Fukuda-Parr published in 2006"

The Gene Revolution: GM Crops and Unequal Development

Abstract: Introduction: Genetically Modified Crops and National Development Priorities * Emergence and Global Spread of GM Crops: Explaining the Role of Institutional Change * US: Leading Science, Technology and Commercialization * Europe: Turning Against Agricultural Biotechnology in the Late 1990s * West and Central Africa: Strategizing Biotechnology for Food Security and Poverty Reduction * Part II: GM Crops for Development: The Experience of Argentina, Brazil, China, India, South * Argentina: Adopting RR Soy, Economic Liberalization, Global Markets and Socio-economic Consequences * Brazil: Confronting the Challenges of Global Competition and Protecting Biodiversity * China: Emerging Public Sector Model for GM Crop Development * India: Confronting the Challenge - The Potential of Genetically Modified Crops for the Poor * South Africa: Revealing the Potential and Obstacles, the Private Sector Model and Reaching the Traditional Sector * Part III: Comparing and Analysing Developing Country Experiences * Institutional Changes in Argentina, Brazil, China, India and South Africa * The Role of Government Policy: For Growth, Sustainability and Equity

Introduction: Global actors, markets and rules driving the diffusion of genetically modified (GM) crops in developing countries

Abstract: The theme of this special issue – genetically modified (GM) crops – goes to the heart of the process of globalisation, technology and development. This introductory essay explains how this new technology is being driven by the actors (multinational corporations), markets (large global markets) and rules (intellectual property) of globalisation. But it is also shaped by the other national and global actors (farmers, research scientists, anti-globalisation and environmental NGOs), markets (national priorities) and rules (national biosafety). The papers in this issue address some policy questions for developing countries: markets that are too small for corporate sector, or to be kept GM free, or dominated by monopoly products; the rules of intellectual property rights and the enforcement of biosafety regulation. Developing countries need to develop policy approaches that are specific to its own unique set of circumstances.