When integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) occurred, tens of applications including smart agriculture have emerged to offer innovative solutions to modernize the farming sector. This paper aims to present a low-cost platform for comprehensive environmental parameter monitoring using flying IoT. This platform is deployed and tested in a real scenario on a farm in Medenine, Tunisia, in the period of March 2020 to March 2021. The experimental work fulfills the requirements of automated and real-time monitoring of the environmental parameters using both under- and aboveground sensors. These IoT sensors are on a farm collecting vast amounts of environmental data, where it is sent to ground gateways every 1 h, after which the obtained data is collected and transmitted by a drone to the cloud for storage and analysis every 12 h. This low-cost platform can help farmers, governmental, or manufacturers to predict environmental data over the geographically large farm field, which leads to enhancement in crop productivity and farm management in a cost-effective, and timely manner. Obtained experimental results infer that automated and human-made sets of actions can be applied and/or suggested, due to the innovative integration between IoT sensors with the drone. These smart actions help in precision agriculture, which, in turn, intensely boost crop productivity, saving natural resources.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/5908/pdf

A Low-Cost Platform for Environmental Smart Farming Monitoring System Based on IoT and UAVs

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications and their interference with our daily life tasks have led to a large number of IoT devices and enormous sizes of IoT-generated data. The resources of IoT devices are limited; therefore, the processing and storing IoT data in these devices are inefficient. Traditional cloud-computing resources are used to partially handle some of the IoT resource-limitation issues; however, using the resources in cloud centers leads to other issues, such as latency in time-critical IoT applications. Therefore, edge-cloud-computing technology has recently evolved. This technology allows for data processing and storage at the edge of the network. This paper studies, in-depth, edge-computing architectures for IoT (ECAs-IoT), and then classifies them according to different factors such as data placement, orchestration services, security, and big data. Besides, the paper studies each architecture in depth and compares them according to various features. Additionally, ECAs-IoT is mapped according to two existing IoT layered models, which helps in identifying the capabilities, features, and gaps of every architecture. Moreover, the paper presents the most important limitations of existing ECAs-IoT and recommends solutions to them. Furthermore, this survey details the IoT applications in the edge-computing domain. Lastly, the paper recommends four different scenarios for using ECAs-IoT by IoT applications.

Edge-Computing Architectures for Internet of Things Applications: A Survey

In recent years, the growing number of devices connected to the internet has increased significantly. These devices can interact with the external environment and with human beings through a wide range of sensors that, perceiving reality through the digitization of some parameters of interest, can provide an enormous amount of data. All this data is then shared on the network with other devices and with different applications and infrastructures. This dynamic and ever-changing world underlies the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. To date, countless applications based on IoT have been developed; think of Smart Cities, smart roads, and smart industries. This article analyzes the current architectures, technologies, protocols, and applications that characterize the paradigm.

https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/2/87/pdf

Internet of things: A general overview between architectures, protocols and applications

Towards edge computing in intelligent manufacturing: Past, present and future

The advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) provide several chances to develop a variety of innovations supporting smart home users in several industries including healthcare, energy management, etc. Ubiquitous support by intelligent appliances at modern homes, which constantly work to gather information can help us to solve everyday issues. In this article, we present a comparative study of recent advances in smart home development. The study aims to present the main trends in this field. During the analysis of the research reports and patents, we identify the propositions that constitute the main research streams. Through extensive analysis, we provide an outlook on the wide spectrum of the proposed solutions. We also analyze the main market to present which publishers are leading with the innovative science in this field. We also show the leaders of science and technology in the World. Finally, we define the ratio of the developments and outline the next stage of the development in the smart home industry.

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Smart Homes: How Much Will They Support Us? A Research on Recent Trends and Advances

Ad hoc networks are vulnerable to numerous attacks due to its infrastructure-less nature, one of these attacks is the Sybil attack. Sybil attack is a severe attack on vehicular ad hoc netwo...

Detecting Sybil attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks

Nowadays, the improvement in technology is growing highly which makes the internet extended to everything such as temperature sensors. Such sensors require protocols to send and receive data such as the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Nevertheless, these protocols must be light, therefore, these sensors are restricted with energy however these light protocol must be secure also. In this paper, an enhancement on a CoAP protocol will be done by focusing on the message integrity, the authors will attempt to find the optimal hash function that can be added to the CoAP protocol in order of increasing the security without influencing the performance. Three types of hash function have been considered with the CoAP protocol, which are SHA-1, SHA224, and SHA256. The enhanced protocol has been evaluated using the Contiki OS simulation tool on a smart home application, and the results show that SHA 224 is the best hash algorithm according to the performance.

Enhance the security in smart home applications based on IOT-CoAP protocol

Due to the improvement of technology, most of the devices used nowadays are connected to the internet, therefore a huge amount of data is generated, transmitted, and used by these devices. In general, these devices are limited in resources such as memory, processors, and battery lifetime. Reducing the data size reduces the energy required to process this data, minimizes the storage of this, data and the energy required to transmit this data. The need for applying data compression techniques on these devices will come in handy. This paper provides a survey and a comparative study among most commonly used IoT compression techniques. The study addresses the techniques in terms of different attributes such as the compression type, lossless or lossy, the limitations of the compression technique, the location of where the compression is applied, and the implementation of the compression technique.

Compression Techniques Used in Iot: A Comparitive Study

Sybil attack is a severe attack on vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). In which the intruder maliciously claims or steal multiple identities and use these identities to disturb the functionality of the VANET network by disseminating false identities. Many solutions have been proposed in order to defense the VANET network against the Sybil attack. In this research an improved algorithm will be proposed, taking advantage the footprint and privacy-preserving detection of abuses of pseudonyms (P2DAP) methods. The hybrid detection scheme will be implemented using the ns2 simulator. P2DAP acting better than footprint when the number of vehicles increases. In the other hand, the footprint algorithm acting better when the speed of vehicles increases. A new hybrid algorithm will be performed that depends on the encrypted, authentication and on the trajectory of the vehicle. The scenarios will be generated using SUMO and MOVE tools.

Salam Hamdan

Papers

Edge-Computing Architectures for Internet of Things Applications: A Survey

Detecting Sybil attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks

Enhance the security in smart home applications based on IOT-CoAP protocol

Compression Techniques Used in Iot: A Comparitive Study

Hybrid Algorithm to Detect the Sybil Attacks in VANET