The effects of high-intensity interval training on reverse cholesterol transport elements: A way of cardiovascular protection against atherosclerosis.

Effects of exercise on reverse cholesterol transport: A systemized narrative review of animal studies

ObjectivesThe present study compares the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 18 min) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MIT; 1 h) on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) eleme...

High-intensity interval training has a greater effect on reverse cholesterol transport elements compared with moderate-intensity continuous training in obese male rats.

Background. It seems that based on the independent effects of physical activity and flax oil on pain, it is possible the interactions of these two effects reduces or mitigate the impact of pain or strengthen it. Objectives. This study investigates the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and flaxseed oil supplementation on hippocampal BDNF expression and pain feeling in male rats. Methods. Twenty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (five in each group) including control-saline (CS), training-saline (TS), control-flaxseed oil (CO), and training-flaxseed oil (TO). The training groups were given HIIT program (10 weeks, five sessions in week) on a rodent treadmill at 90–95% of VO2 max and supplement groups also received flaxseed oil (100 mg/kg per cage). Pain threshold was assessed by the hot plate test at a temperature of 55 ± 0.5 °C five days after the last session training. Then rats were sacrificed, their hippocamp tissue frizzed, and sent to laboratory to determine the BDNF gene expression. Results. The results showed that training significantly induced higher hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression (P=0.001) and lower pain threshold (P=0.02). Training-flaxseed oil combination group induced significant increase in BDNF expression (P=0.04). There were no significant differences between the other groups. Conclusion. The present study showed the useful role of flaxseed oil supplement and HIIT program in increasing an important factor for Alzheimer's disease (BDNF gene). It also showed that, although HIIT may be accompanied with reduced pain threshold and increased pain feeling, it has beneficial effects on memory enhancement gene (BDNF).

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Supplementation of Flaxseed Oil on BDNF mRNA Expression and Pain Feeling in Male Rats

Background
Adenosine triphosphate-cassette binding protein (ABC) type G is considered as a part of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process in modification and metabolism of plasma and tissue cholesterol. This study aims to evaluate the effect of endurance training with or without Pistacia atlantica (Baneh) supplementation on the female rat tissues ABC type G expression and its correlation with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration.

/pdf/effects-of-a-fixed-intensity-of-endurance-training-and-2r1tj9pamt.pdf

Effects of a fixed-intensity of endurance training and pistacia atlantica supplementation on ATP-binding cassette G4 expression

Background: It is well established that the excess cellular cholesterol concentration, as well as high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol levels are strongly correlated with the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a term used to describe the efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. ABCG8 is a member of ABCG family that play a critical role in this process. Objectives: The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of endurance exercise with or without Pistachia atlantica (Baneh) extraction on small intestine and kidney ABCG8 gene, also plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, and estrogen levels in female rats. Materials and Methods: In this study twenty Wistar female rats (six to eight weeks old, 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and further divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT) groups. Training groups was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Animals were fed orally with Baneh extraction and saline for four week. After the last training session, rats were sacrificed, small intestine and kidney were excised, and ABCG8 expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a one way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Correlation was calculated using the Pearson Product Moment correlation. Results: Exercise increased (P < 0.01) and Baneh reduced intestinal ABCG8 mRNA (P < 0.05). In kidney tissue, there wasnt significant change between the groups (P < 0.40). Plasma HDL-C level was increased by exercise (P < 0.05) and decreased by Baneh (P < 0.02) that was correlated by intestine ABCG8 (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). Plasma TG and TC were unchanged, but glucose and estradiol were increased and decreased in Baneh groups (P < 0.02), respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that exercise increases intestinal ABCG8 mRNA, and Baneh can increase plasma glucose concentration and reduce ABCG8 expression, HDL-C, and estrogen levels probably due to high fatty acid components.

/pdf/abcg8-gene-responses-to-8-weeks-treadmill-running-with-or-2r51qjty4o.pdf

ABCG8 Gene Responses to 8 Weeks Treadmill Running With or Without Pistachia atlantica (Baneh) Extraction in Female Rats.

Leptin and adiponectin are cytokines produced excessively by adipocytes, which are related to metabolic disorders. This study aimed to compare the effect of aerobic training (AT) and arbutin on leptin and adiponectin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups including: (1) healthy control, (2) diabetic control, (3) healthy + arbutin, (4) diabetic + arbutin, (5) healthy + AT, (6) healthy + arbutin + AT, (7) diabetic + arbutin + AT, (8) diabetic + glibenclamide, (9) diabetic + AT, and (10) diabetic + glibenclamide + AT. Diabetes was induced in rats through the injection of 90 mg/kg saline-diluted alloxan. The AT was performed by swimming fosix weeks (five days a week). Arbutin was injected at 50 mg/kg, and glibenclamide was gavaged at 0.5 mg/kg per meal. Improvements of leptin, glucose, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio were different (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the significant effect of arbutin and its interaction with AT, in all cases, the effect of glibenclamide consumption was greater compared to arbutin (P = 0.001). Interaction of AT with glibenclamide also increased this effect (P = 0.001). Rehabilitation exercise and arbutin may offer a solution for the treatment of diabetes. However, the effect of this treatment is less than compared to glibenclamide, which may be further improved through changing the dose of arbutin or AT. 

The effect of arbutin and aerobic training on plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Visfatin, a novel adipokine, was revealed to be associated with obesity and to have insulin mimetic effect that is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the liver and kidney visfatin relative gene expression. Twenty wistar rats (6-8 weeks old and 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), and Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT). Training groups was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day and 5 days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were fed oral, with Baneh extraction and saline for four weeks. Visfatin relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Also plasma was collected for glucose measurements. Results demonstrated that Baneh extraction significantly increase visfatin relative gene expression in liver (P < 0.002) and increase not significantly in kidney tissue. Exercise training significantly reduce visfatin relative gene expression in liver (P < 0.042), and reduce not significantly in kidney tissue. Plasma and liver glucose level increases by Baneh. Exercise training decreses visfatin relative gene expression and Baneh increases visfatin relative gene expression in liver and kidney. Also Baneh can increases plasma glucose and liver glucose and glycogen concentration probably due to high fatty acid and component.

/pdf/visfatin-gene-responses-to-8-weeks-of-treadmill-running-with-10kzbxn7x5.pdf

Saleh Rahmati Ahmadabad

Papers

ABCG8 Gene Responses to 8 Weeks Treadmill Running With or Without Pistachia atlantica (Baneh) Extraction in Female Rats.

The effect of arbutin and aerobic training on plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Visfatin Gene Responses to 8 Weeks of Treadmill Running with or without Pistachio atlantica Liquid Extraction in Female Rat Tissues