BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis addressed the association between substance use disorder (SUD) and suicide outcomes based on current evidence. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus until May 2015. We also searched the reference lists of included studies and Psycinfo website. We included observational (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between SUD and suicide. Our outcomes of interest were suicide ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death. For each outcome, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on the random-effects model. RESULTS: We identified a total of 12 413 references and included 43 studies with 870 967 participants. There was a significant association between SUD and suicidal ideation: OR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.59, 2.50; I(2) = 88.8%, 16 studies); suicide attempt OR 2.49 (95% CI: 2.00, 2.98; I(2) = 94.3%, 24 studies) and suicide death OR 1.49 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.00; I(2) = 82.7%, 7 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Based on current evidence, there is a strong association between SUD and suicide outcomes. However, evidence based on long-term prospective cohort studies is limited and needs further investigation. Moreover, further evidence is required to assess and compare the association between suicide outcomes and different types of illicit drugs, dose-response relationship and the way they are used. Language: en

/pdf/substance-use-disorder-and-risk-of-suicidal-ideation-suicide-1xhifnweb2.pdf

Substance use disorder and risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death: a meta-analysis

https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(12)00123-4/pdf

Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

It is commonly assumed that a person identifying that they are ‘overweight’ is an important prerequisite to successful weight management. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of evidence supporting this proposition. The aim of the present research was to systematically review evidence on the relationship between perceived overweight and (i) weight loss attempts, (ii) weight control strategies (healthy and unhealthy), (iii) weight‐related behaviours (physical activity and eating habits), (iv) disordered eating and (v) weight change. We synthesized evidence from 78 eligible studies and evaluated evidence linking perceived overweight with outcome variables separately according to the gender, age and objective weight status of study participants. Results indicated that perceived overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of attempting weight loss and with healthy and unhealthy weight control strategies in some participant groups. However, perceived overweight was not reliably associated with physical activity or healthy eating and was associated with greater disordered eating in some groups. Rather than being associated with improved weight management, there was consistent evidence that perceived overweight was predictive of increased weight gain over time. Individuals who perceive their weight status as overweight are more likely to report attempting weight loss but over time gain more weight.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-the-relationship-between-weight-2bi10f1o29.pdf

A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempts, strategies, behaviours and outcomes.

Background
Many studies have reported a positive association between smoking and suicide, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the association between smoking and suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death.

/pdf/smoking-and-suicide-a-meta-analysis-3dmc6czmqg.pdf

Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis.

Concurrent binge drinking and depression among Canadian youth: prevalence, patterns, and suicidality.

AIM: This study investigates body weight perception and its influence on weight management behaviors in normal weight adolescents in Timis County, Romania. We hypothesized that misperception of overweight in normal weight adolescents would be positively associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors. METHODS: From 2908 respondents participating in the survey we selected a total of 2093 normal weight high school students for the analysis. Outcome measures included self-reported height and weight measurements, overweight misperceptions and weight control behaviors. Weighted prevalence estimates and odds ratios were computed. RESULTS: There were 22.64% of normal weight students who perceived themselves as overweight. Females (36.48%) were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight than males (8.15%) (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age and gender, students who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely to exercise (OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 2.25–3.61), eat less food, fewer calories or low fat foods (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.78–4.51), fast for 24 hours or more (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.28–2.49), take diet pills, powders or tea (OR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.62–5.89), vomit or take laxatives (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.15–3.34) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight, compared to students who did not perceive themselves as overweight. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of normal weight high school students misperceive themselves as overweight and are engaging in unhealthy weight management behaviors. These results should be considered when establishing prevention programs and educational components that address weight misperceptions and the harmful effects of unhealthy weight control methods should be performed even among normal weight adolescents.

Body weight perception among high school students and its influence on weight management behaviors in normal weight students: a cross-sectional study.

AIM: To examine high school students' suicidal behavior and to identify predictors of suicide attempt among adolescents in Timis County, Romania. We hypothesized that suicide attempt is associated with other health-risk behaviors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we included 2908 high school students in grades 9 to 12. The students were asked to complete an anonymous structured questionnaire during a normal class. We examined the relationship between having attempted suicide and engaging in other health-risk or problem behaviors. RESULTS: During the previous 12 months, 15.4% of the students had had suicidal ideation, 7.5% had made a suicide plan and 6.1% reported that they had attempted suicide. Based on logistic regression multivariate analysis, attempted suicide was associated with feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two or more consecutive weeks (OR = 4.74; 95% CI: 3.07–7.31), being forced to have sexual intercourse (OR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.83–5.50), being physically aggressed by his or her father (OR = 4.28; 95% CI: 1.96–9.34), performing poorly at school (OR = 4.22; 95% CI: 1.51–11.74), having an impaired relationship with parents (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.17–5.12), not eating for 24 hours or more to lose weight or to avoid gaining weight during the past 30 days (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.40–3.53), being female (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.21–2.99) and carrying a weapon (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.53–3.90). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that suicide attempts are associated with other risk behaviors. These behaviors may help to evaluate suicide risk and should be considered when establishing preventive programs.

Predictors of suicidal behavior in a high school student population: a cross-sectional study

Nutritional knowledge assessment is an important component in nutrition research, and a prerequisite for the implementation of many policies and programs aimed at improving eating behavior. In order to generate objective results, validated tools for a given population must be employed. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Romanian adults. Kleimann’s version of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, was translated and adapted to Romanian language, culture, and cuisine. The final format was developed in several steps and used four components: internal and external reliability were assessed in a general population sample (n1 = 412), respectively in a subgroup (n2 = 46) from Component 1; Component 3 assessed construct validity (n3 = 96) using the “known-groups” method; Component 4 (convergent validity, n4 = 508) tested the association between socio-demographic characteristics and nutrition knowledge. The overall internal reliability was 0.878 and the external reliability was >0.880 in all sections, and overall. Specialists had higher scores than nonspecialists, with a very large effect size. In the general population, females scored higher than males, and middle-aged and older adults scored higher than young adults. Higher scores were associated with higher levels of education. The characteristics of individuals prone to giving wrong answers were: males (beta = 0.170), high school or less (beta = 0.167), and no training in nutrition (beta = 0.154). The Romanian version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for measuring nutrition knowledge in adults.

Reliability and validity of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for adults in a Romanian population.

People with obesity in Romania are often under medical supervision, which is aimed to decrease body weight and treat accompanying metabolic disorders and cardiovascular implications. However, there is limited information regarding the implementation of dietary recommendations in adults with obesity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of reaching the recommended intakes of macro- and micro-nutrients in adults with obesity under medical supervision. Individuals with obesity, recruited in the context of a study with a larger scope (NutriGen ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02837367), who were under medical supervision underwent four 24 h recalls in order to assess daily food intakes. Macro- and micro-nutrient intakes were computed, and the prevalence of reaching recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for each nutrient was calculated. The majority of subjects did not meet the recommended intakes for most nutrients. Energy from fat exceeded the threshold of 35% recommended intake, even in the lowest quartile of energy intake. The micronutrients with less than 5% of individuals reaching the RDAs were vitamin D, vitamin E, fluoride, and omega-3 fatty acids for both males and females, and choline, magnesium, and potassium in females. The burden of inadequate nutrition in individuals with obesity should be acknowledged and properly addressed within efforts to reduce obesity rates and associated disorders.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/17/3036/pdf

Assessment of Nutritional Intakes in Individuals with Obesity under Medical Supervision. A Cross-Sectional Study.

\nThe purpose of the research was to see the time-trends (2005/2006-2015/2016) of types and patterns of drug usage between the young adults from medical school in TimisCounty. The study is a comparison of two cross-sectional cohorts of student from Timis County, Romania (2005/2006: 365 females and 248 males; 2005/2016: 336 females and 123 males). In both investigations the same questionnairewas used. Through the investigation we measured the types and patterns of drugs used in relation with gender and cohort effect frequency. For the 2005/2006 evaluation 15% of boys and 4.9% of girls have tried at least one kind of drug. In the reevaluation study 2015/2016 the consumption of at least one kind of drug has risen 34.4% boys and 14.4% girls, which means meaning that the number of consumers has risen by 3 times in between investigations. The intervention to minimize the usage of any sort of drugs in a specific university environment or in the general population has to be done in very careful way in concordance with the specific patterns of usage and types of drugs.\n

Salomeia Putnoky

Papers

Body weight perception among high school students and its influence on weight management behaviors in normal weight students: a cross-sectional study.

Predictors of suicidal behavior in a high school student population: a cross-sectional study

Reliability and validity of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for adults in a Romanian population.

Assessment of Nutritional Intakes in Individuals with Obesity under Medical Supervision. A Cross-Sectional Study.

A Ten-year Time Laps, Regarding Drug Consumption in the Western Part of Romania