Sand and Sandstone

Ichnology and Sedimentology of Shallow to Marginal Marine Systems: Ben Nevis & Avalon Reservoirs, Jeanne d’Arc Basin, S. G. Pemberton, M. Spila, A. J. Pulham, T. Saunders, J. A. MacEachern, D. Robbins and I. K. Sinclair, 2001, Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes, Volume 15, 343 p., ISSN 1189-6094.

Ichnology and Sedimentology of Shallow to Marginal Marine Systems

Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity

Structuring and evolution of Neogene transcurrent basins in the Tellian foreland domain, north-eastern Tunisia

Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Numidian Flysch thrust belt in northern Tunisia

New insights on the structural style of the subsurface of the Tell units in north-western Tunisia issued from seismic imaging: Geodynamic implications

Terra Nova, 00, 1–9, 2010

Abstract
The ultimate source of the deepwater Numidian Flysch sediments has long been a matter of controversy. Did the sediments of this late Cenozoic orogenic belt in the western Mediterranean derive from a European or African source, or from a combination of the two? New data presented here strongly favour a European provenance. Zircon ages of 514 ± 19 Ma from Tunisia and 550 ± 28 Ma from Sicily can only have derived from rocks of European affinity. These zircons have been separated from quartz-rich sandstones with a distinctive, highly mature heavy mineral assemblage that is different from those of North African autochthonous formations. The mature petrography and dominance of euhedral prismatic zircon grains indicate a medium to high-grade metamorphic source. Most palaeocurrent data are indicative of flow from the N and NW. The original European provenance is most likely now represented by predominantly metamorphic rocks of the Kabylie belt in northern Algeria, as a result of microplate movement and thrust emplacement.

European provenance of the Numidian Flysch in northern Tunisia

Deep-sea trace fossils of the Oligocene–Miocene Numidian Formation, northern Tunisia

Analyse biostratigraphique et sédimentologique des séries éo-oligocènes et miocènes de la Tunisie septentrionale : implications stratigraphiques et géodynamiques

The stratigraphy of the Numidian Formation of northern Tunisia and its internal organization are updated. Planktonic foraminifera point to a mainly Oligocene–Early Miocene age of this formation in the majority of the sections studied. Some key lithological horizons are recognized within the early Miocene succession, allowing lateral correlation between the outcrops of the Mogod and Kroumirie mountains. These include: (1) a conglomeratic interval, up to 1–2 m thick and rich in reworked glauconitic boulders, limestone fragments of the Tellian (Eocene) and pectinid bivalves; and (2) a relatively continuous glauconitic level. In the new stratigraphic scheme, the Zouza, Ben Metir and Sejnene sections represent the entire Numidian Formation. A lower unit (200–700 m thick), highly pelitic with subordinate sandstone beds was distinguished, overlain by an upper unit which is sandier, especially in its uppermost part (1,000–1,500 m thick). In the present study, these have been stratigraphically dated as Oligocene–Early Miocene p.p. (Rupelian–Chattian; P19–P21 zones) to Aquitanian (N4 Zone) and Miocene (Aquitanian–early Burdigalian; N4–N5 zones), respectively. In the areas studied, the sandy succession assigned to the Kroumirie Member begins with a sandstone unit with an erosional base or a major discontinuity, locally marked by conglomerates made up of various reworked components. It rests generally on a thick shale unit that characterises the upper part of the Zouza Member. The thinner, uppermost succession of the Numidian Formation represents the Babouch Member, dated as Burdigalian (N6–N7 zones). Within the framework of the new proposal, the total stratigraphic thickness of the Numidian Formation in northern Tunisia does not exceed 2,200–2,600 m. Internally, the Numidian Formation is transected by the Intra-Numidian Thrust and back-thrust faults, associated with faulted folds that are recognized in outcrop on different scales and in seismic sections. Along these thrust and/or reverse faults, the middle to upper Eocene deposits have undergone uplift and are exposed at the surface (e.g., Dowar Larmel in Meloula-Tabarka, Gaâret Sejnene and Sidi M’chreg sections).

https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/asgp/article/download/23838/16527

Sami Riahi

Papers

New insights on the structural style of the subsurface of the Tell units in north-western Tunisia issued from seismic imaging: Geodynamic implications

European provenance of the Numidian Flysch in northern Tunisia

Deep-sea trace fossils of the Oligocene–Miocene Numidian Formation, northern Tunisia

Analyse biostratigraphique et sédimentologique des séries éo-oligocènes et miocènes de la Tunisie septentrionale : implications stratigraphiques et géodynamiques

Age, internal stratigraphic architecture and structural style of the Oligocene–Miocene Numidian Formation of northern Tunisia