PART ONE: CLEARING THE GROUND PART TWO: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES PART THREE: CONCEPTS OF LANGUAGE PART FOUR: CONCEPTS OF SOCIETY PART FIVE: CONCEPTS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING PART SIX: CONCEPTS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING

语言教学的基本概念 = Fundamental concepts of language teaching

Individual differences in second language acquisition

Online learning has become essential in education as the spread of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought significant changes to the field. However, education should remain welcoming and supportive to all the learners as it is important to keep the students’ behavioural intention in any form of learning environment. Thus, this study is significant as online learning is leading the trend of education now. Past studies revealed that the factors of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions under the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model affect learners’ behavioural intention to use online learning. This study intended to identify the most significant factors that influence TESL postgraduate students’ behavioural intention towards the use of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examined the relationship amongst the four factors and postgraduate students’ behavioural intention to use online learning. The participants consisted of 169 postgraduate students at a public university in Malaysia. To achieve the aim, the study utilized a survey design using a questionnaire. The results from regression analysis revealed that all of the factors have positive effects on postgraduate students’ behavioural intention to use online learning. Meanwhile, performance expectancy has the greatest influence on postgraduate students’ behavioural intention. Hence, this study concludes that the practicality and the usefulness of online learning should be highlighted by the authorities.

Factors Affecting Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) Postgraduate Students’ Behavioural Intention for Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Education sector in Malaysia had put emphasis on the use of online learning or e-learning with technology and devices as a mediator of communication to replace face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, with the improvement of learning technologies, English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers faced various challenges in language teaching. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the challenges ESL teachers faced in implementing e-learning during COVID-19. Using a qualitative approach, this research was a case study which involved 20 primary ESL teachers. Data collection was done through an in-depth interview to explore teachersâ€™ e-learning experiences and challenges in teaching the English language. Based on the findings, the majority of teachers expressed that the use of e-learning was effective with various limitations such as teachersâ€™ readiness to adopt e-learning, accessibility to mobile phones and Internet connectivity, classroom management in term of low studentsâ€™ participation and assessment. Thus, the researcher recommended more studies to highlight teachersâ€™ insight regarding the significance of e-learning. ESL teachers, stakeholders, policy makers, and institutions can benefit from the results of the study and come out with practical strategies to utilize online sources for education in the pandemic situation. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.2.18

http://ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/download/3362/pdf

ESL teachers’ challenges in implementing e-learning during COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on students' learning in higher education in Afghanistan.

Covid-19 proved a pandemic that has affected the whole world on a large scale. Every walk of life got disturbed by this pandemic. Educational institutions not only in Pakistan but all over the globe remain close, which causes a loss of study for the students of all Grades, notably Higher education (Postgraduate Level), which directly affected education, learners,  and teachers in terms of learning, time, and economically. Virtual Teaching (VT) is proving an emerging method of teaching in the field of education all over the world. Developed countries have opted for this method of teaching much before. In Pakistan, universities under the directions of HEC started Virtual Teaching VT (Online Teaching) for the students, which was an attempt to cover the loss on an experimental basis. This study is conducted to know the impact of VT on ESL students' behavior. For this purpose among 100 students of KFUEIT, RYK University distributed a questionnaire to measure their behavior level. Students' participation was inspiriting, and their response found positive in this new field of Teaching.

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Impact of Virtual Teaching on ESL Learners' Attitudes under Covid-19 Circumstances at Post Graduate Level in Pakistan

This present research is about how the linguistic landscape brings about the promotion of language and public awareness. The linguistic landscape is a sociolinguistic phenomenon that is used for the promotion of language and culture as well. Linguistic landscape can be seen everywhere in the society as in advertisement billboards, traffic signboards, public awareness messages on the signboards, buildings, shopping centers, airports, etc. This study covers the dimension of traffic signboards and how they are consciously or unconsciously are promoting the language in Pakistan, especially the Urdu, the National language of Pakistan, English, the international language, the Mandarin, the language of China, and the Sign language. Two hundred and ten traffic signboards are selected for the completion of this research. The data collected from the traffic signboards of the motorways, highways of all the provinces of Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique is used for this study. This study will disclose how traffic signboards are promoting the language written over them, whether written or sing language. The data was analyzed through observation with the pictures of traffic signboards. The present study is qualitative in nature, so the data is analyzed and interpreted in the description form.

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Linguistic Landscape in Promotion of Language Through Traffic Signboards: An Introduction to the Signs in Pakistani Roads and Highways

The subject of the Quran is a man, and all its teaching is to give guidance to human beings on the right path. It is impossible to get real guidance without understanding the message of Allah existing in its rich text. The Quran is the richest and authentic book regarding its style, and it is abundant with rhetorical devices and other forms of language and literature. No book can even compete with the Quran with its choice of words and rhetorical devices. This present study attempts to throw light on some of the rhetorical devices employed in Surah An Naba, the 78th Surah of the Quran of the English translated version by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall. This study aims to determine the rhetorical devices used in its English translation, so understand the real and true lessons lying between the texts. For this purpose, the major rhetorical devices as persuasive words. Amplification, hyperbole, simile, metaphor, parallelism, etc. were found. This study is qualitative. A content analysis technique is used to complete the objective of the study. The analysed data and findings are presented in the descriptive form. This study further recommends the researchers to research the other Surah of the Quran as well.

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Rhetorical Analysis of Surah An Naba of the English Translated Version by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall

The availability of educational data obtained by technology-assisted learning platforms can potentially be used to mine student behavior in order to address their problems and enhance the learning process. Educational data mining provides insights for professionals to make appropriate decisions. Learning platforms complement traditional learning environments and provide an opportunity to analyze students’ performance, thus mitigating the probability of student failures. Predicting students’ academic performance has become an important research area to take timely corrective actions, thereby increasing the efficacy of education systems. This study proposes an improved conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) in combination with a deep-layer-based support vector machine (SVM) to predict students’ performance through school and home tutoring. Students’ educational datasets are predominantly small in size; to handle this problem, synthetic data samples are generated by an improved CGAN. To prove its effectiveness, results are compared with and without applying CGAN. Results indicate that school and home tutoring combined have a positive impact on students’ performance when the model is trained after applying CGAN. For an extensive evaluation of deep SVM, multiple kernel-based approaches are investigated, including radial, linear, sigmoid, and polynomial functions, and their performance is analyzed. The proposed improved CGAN coupled with deep SVM outperforms in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve when compared with solutions from the existing literature.

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Predicting Students’ Academic Performance with Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Deep SVM

Vocabulary plays a key role in effective communication as it helps in interacting people. Many different challenges have been faced by ESL learners during vocabulary lessons such as memorization of words and phrases. The motive behind this article was to find out the impact of Role play games during vocabulary lessons at Intermediate level. For this, a class of intermediate level ESL learners was taken as a sample from Government Khawaja Farid Graduate College Rahim Yar Khan. The participants of this classroom were divided into experimental and control group respectively. Instructional plan of eight weeks was formulated. It covered only three plays of Book-III of Intermediate part-I. Before the start of instructional plan, a previous knowledge test was conducted in both groups. Participants’ response sheets were marked according to the already designed answer key. During the course of instructional plan, control group was taught vocabulary lessons in a traditional way whereas experimental group was taught by using Role play games. At the end, Posttest was conducted from already specified chapters. Results of both groups were computed and analyzed by using SPSS. The participants of experimental group performed much better than control group. About 80% respondents of experimental group have been successful in getting 70% or more marks in the posttest which clearly indicates the effectiveness of Role play games for vocabulary learning at Intermediate level. 

Samina Sarwat

Papers

Impact of Virtual Teaching on ESL Learners' Attitudes under Covid-19 Circumstances at Post Graduate Level in Pakistan

Linguistic Landscape in Promotion of Language Through Traffic Signboards: An Introduction to the Signs in Pakistani Roads and Highways

Rhetorical Analysis of Surah An Naba of the English Translated Version by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall

Predicting Students’ Academic Performance with Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Deep SVM

Investigating the Impact of Role play games on Vocabulary Building of ESL Learners at Intermediate Level