Showing papers by "Samy M. El-Megharbel published in 2022"

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Dapagliflozin/Zn (II), Cr (III) and Se (IV) Novel Complexes That Ameliorate Hepatic Damage, Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Injury Induced by Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats and Their Antibacterial Activity

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes an imbalance in the oxidative status of the human body. Three novel Dapagliflozin (Dapg) Zn (II), Cr (III) and Se (IV) complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. The molar conductance values confirmed the non-electrolytic nature of the Dapg complexes. According to spectral data, Dapg acts as a bidentate ligand. The thermal analyses of the complexes were studied using the DSC technique. The surface morphology and particle sizes of the Dapg complexes were investigated using SEM and XRD. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure for the complexity. This study investigated the effect of novel metal complexes of Dapg with the metals Zn (II), Cr (III) and Se (IV) on oxidative injury and tissue damage in the hepatic tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats. DM was experimentally induced in male rats. The diabetic rats received Dapg, Dapg/Zn, Dapg/Cr and Dapg/Se orally for 30 successive days. Male rats exposed to STZ showed multi-histopathological alterations in their hepatic tissue, including inflammatory and structural changes. STZ elevated oxidative stress markers in the hepatic tissue and lowered the antioxidant defense enzymes. Supplementation of Dapg with Zn, Cr or Se novel complexes significantly prevented hepatic injury and suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species. The Dapg/Zn complex was highly effective against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus penumonia, while Dapg/Cr was highly effective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Dapg/Se was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureas. In conclusion, Dapg novel metal complexes with Zn, Cr or Se protect against oxidative injury and the pathophysiological and bacterial complications of DM and hepatic tissue injury. The Dapg novel metal complexes improved hepatic functions, reduced blood glucose levels and enhanced the levels of antioxidant defense enzymes in diabetic male rats.

Antidiabetic Drug Sitagliptin with Divalent Transition Metals Manganese and Cobalt: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization Antibacterial and Antioxidative Effects in Liver Tissues

Abstract: Metals and their complexes have an increasing number of medical applications. Sitagliptin (STG) acts as an antidiabetic drug. Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were studied and characterized based on physical characterization, FT-IR, DG/TG, XRD, ESM, and TEM. Data revealed that STG acts as a bidentate ligand through the oxygen atom of a carbonyl group and the nitrogen atom of an amino group. Magnetic measurement data revealed that the Mn/STG metal complex has a square planner geometry. The experiment was performed on 40 male albino rats who were divided into four groups: the control group, STG group, group treated with STG/Mn, and group treated with Co/STG. Biomarkers for hepatic enzymes and antioxidants were found in the blood, and hepatic tissue histology was evaluated. STG in combination with Mn and Co administration showed potent protective effects against hepatic biochemical alterations induced by STG alone, as well as suppressing oxidative stress and structural alterations. These complexes prevented any stress and improved hepatic enzymatic levels more than STG alone. The STG/Mn complex was highly effective against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumonia, while STG/Co was highly effective against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureas. Therefore, STG combined with Mn and Co produced a synergistic effect against oxidative stress and improved the histological structure of the liver tissues. STG metal complexes with Mn and Co showed the most potential ameliorative antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies for Five New Mg (II), Fe (III), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Se (IV) Ceftriaxone Antibiotic Drug Complexes and Their Possible Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Capacities

Abstract: Magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and selenium complexes of ceftriaxone were prepared in a 1:1 ligand to metal ratio to investigate the ligational character of the antibiotic ceftriaxone drug (CFX). The complexes were found to have coordinated and hydrated water molecules, except for the Se (IV) complex, which had only hydrated water molecules. The modes of chelation were explained depending on IR, 1HNMR and UV–Vis spectroscopies. The electronic absorption spectra and the magnetic moment values indicated that Mg (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Fe (III) and Se (VI) complexes form a six-coordinate shape with a distorted octahedral geometry. Ceftriaxone has four donation sites through nitrogen from NH2 amino, oxygen from triazine, β-lactam carbonyl and carboxylate with the molecular formulas [Mg(CFX)(H2O)2]·4H2O, [Cu(CFX)(H2O)2]·3H2O, [Fe(CFX)(H2O)(Cl)]·5H2O, [Zn(CFX)(H2O)2]·6H2O and [Se(CFX)(Cl)2]·4H2O and acts as a tetradentate ligand towards the five metal ions. The morphological surface and particle size of ceftriaxone metal complexes were determined using SEM, TEM and X-ray diffraction. The thermal behaviors of the complexes were studied by the TGA(DTG) technique. This study investigated the effect of CFX and CFX metal complexes on oxidative stress and severe tissue injury in the hepatic tissues of male rats. Fifty-six male rats were tested: the first group received normal saline (1 mg/kg), the second group received CFX orally at a dose of 180 mg/kg, and the other treated groups received other CFX metal complexes at the same dose as the CFX-treated group. For antibacterial activity, CFX/Zn complex was highly effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae, while CFX/Se was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, successive exposure to CFX elevated hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid peroxidation final marker (MDA) and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. CFX metal complex administration prevented liver injury, mainly suppressing excessive ROS generation and enhancing antioxidant defense enzymes and in male rats.

Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (Rosa damascena) Methanolic Extract and Its Physiological Effect on Liver Functions, Blood Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, and Heart Vitality against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity

Abstract: Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) causes an imbalance in the oxidant status of the body by triggering the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effect of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) extract on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and the injured cardiac tissue of male rats exposed to CdCl2. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: the vehicle control (1 mg/kg normal saline), the CdCl2-treated group (5 mg/kg), the R. damascena extract group (100 mg Kg), and the combination of CdCl2 and R. damascena extract group. Male rats exposed to CdCl2 showed multiple significant histopathological changes in the liver and heart, including inflammatory cell infiltration and degenerative alterations. Successive exposure to CdCl2 elevated the levels of hepatic and cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha) (TNF-α) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) and decreased antioxidant defences. The extracts significantly increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), whereas it dramatically decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6. R. damascena administration prevented liver and heart injury; suppressed excessive ROS generation, LPO, and inflammatory responses; and enhanced antioxidant defences. In addition, R. damascena upregulated the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6 in CdCl2-administered male rats. In conclusion, R. damascena modulated the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by CdCl2. The hepatic and cardiac tissue damage and histopathological alterations resulting from the CdCl2-induced oxidative stress were counteracted by the administration of R. damascena extracts. R. damascena enhanced antioxidant defence enzymes in male rats.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Chemical Characterizations, Anticancer Capacities against HepG-2, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cefotaxime Metal Complexes with Ca(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Se(IV)

Abstract: In this study, metal cefotaxime complexes of Ca(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Se(VI) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic measurements, 1HNMR, and XRD, as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower values for molar conductance refer to the nonelectrolyte nature of the complexes. The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra for the metal complexes of cefotaxime proved that the free cefotaxime antibiotic ligand acted as a monoanionic tridentate ligand through the oxygen atoms of lactam carbonyl, the carboxylate group, and the nitrogen atoms of the amino group. From the magnetic measurements and electronic spectral data, octahedral structures were proposed for the Cr(III) and Se(VI) complexes, while the Cu(II) complex had tetragonal geometry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cefotaxime and cefotaxime metal complexes on oxidative stress using antioxidant assays including DPPH, ORAC, FARAB, and ABTS, a metal chelation assay, as well as the inhibition of the viability of cancer cells (HepG-2). Regarding the antibacterial activity, the cefotaxime metal complexes were highly effective against both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the cefotaxime metal complexes exhibited highly antioxidant activities. The cefotaxime metal complexes with Zn and Se inhibited HepG-2 cellular viability. Thus, the cefotaxime metal complexes elicited promising results as potent antioxidant and anticancer agents against HepG-2, with potent antibacterial activities at a much lower concentration.

Efficacy of Prednisolone/Zn Metal Complex and Artemisinin Either Alone or in Combination on Lung Functions after Excessive Exposure to Electronic Cigarettes Aerosol with Assessment of Antibacterial Activity

Abstract: The use of transition metal complexes as therapeutic compounds has become more and more pronounced. These complexes offer a great diversity of uses in their medicinal applications. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are an electronic nicotine delivery system that contain aerosol (ECR). The ligation behavior of prednisolone, which is a synthetic steroid that is used to treat allergic diseases and asthma arthritis, and its Zn (II) metal complex were studied and characterized based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, electronic spectra, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FT-IR spectral data revealed that PRD acts as a mono-dentate ligand via oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group. Electronic and FT-IR data revealed that the PRD/Zn (II) metal complexes have square planner geometry. Artemisinin (ART) is the active main constituent of Artemisia annua extract, and it has been demonstrated to exert an excellent antimalarial effect. The experiment was performed on 40 male mice that were divided into the following 7 groups: Control, EC group, PRD/Zn, ART, EC plus PRD/Zn, EC plus ART, and PRD plus combination of PRD/Zn and ART. Serum CRP, IL-6, and antioxidants biomarkers were determined. Pulmonary tissue histology was evaluated. When in combination with Zn administration, PRD showed potent protective effects against pulmonary biochemical alterations induced by ECR and suppressed severe oxidative stress and pulmonary structure alterations. Additionally, PRD/Zn combined with ART prevented any stress on the pulmonary tissues via antioxidant regulation, reducing inflammatory markers CRP and Il-6 and improving antioxidant enzymatic levels more than either PRD or ART alone. Therefore, PRD/Zn combined with ART produced a synergistic effect against any sort of oxidative stress and also improved the histological structure of the lung tissues. These findings are of great importance for saving pulmonary function, especially during pandemic diseases, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.