Establishing identity is becoming critical in our vastly interconnected society. Questions such as "Is she really who she claims to be?," "Is this person authorized to use this facility?," or "Is he in the watchlist posted by the government?" are routinely being posed in a variety of scenarios ranging from issuing a driver's license to gaining entry into a country. The need for reliable user authentication techniques has increased in the wake of heightened concerns about security and rapid advancements in networking, communication, and mobility. Biometrics, described as the science of recognizing an individual based on his or her physical or behavioral traits, is beginning to gain acceptance as a legitimate method for determining an individual's identity. Biometric systems have now been deployed in various commercial, civilian, and forensic applications as a means of establishing identity. In this paper, we provide an overview of biometrics and discuss some of the salient research issues that need to be addressed for making biometric technology an effective tool for providing information security. The primary contribution of this overview includes: 1) examining applications where biometric scan solve issues pertaining to information security; 2) enumerating the fundamental challenges encountered by biometric systems in real-world applications; and 3) discussing solutions to address the problems of scalability and security in large-scale authentication systems.

/pdf/biometrics-a-tool-for-information-security-sb65l8hg5r.pdf

Biometrics: a tool for information security

https://www.cse.msu.edu/~rossarun/BiometricsTextBook/Papers/Iris/Bowyer_ImageUndIris_CVIU07.pdf

Image understanding for iris biometrics: A survey

This paper presents a new iris database that contains images with noise. This is in contrast with the existing databases, that are noise free. UBIRIS is a tool for the development of robust iris recognition algorithms for biometric proposes.

We present a detailed description of the many characteristics of UBIRIS and a comparison of several image segmentation approaches used in the current iris segmentation methods where it is evident their small tolerance to noisy images.

/pdf/ubiris-a-noisy-iris-image-database-53y36eu8mv.pdf

UBIRIS: a noisy iris image database

This paper presents a novel iris coding method based on differences of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of overlapped angular patches from normalized iris images. The feature extraction capabilities of the DCT are optimized on the two largest publicly available iris image data sets, 2,156 images of 308 eyes from the CASIA database and 2,955 images of 150 eyes from the Bath database. On this data, we achieve 100 percent correct recognition rate (CRR) and perfect receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves with no registered false accepts or rejects. Individual feature bit and patch position parameters are optimized for matching through a product-of-sum approach to Hamming distance calculation. For verification, a variable threshold is applied to the distance metric and the false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) are recorded. A new worst-case metric is proposed for predicting practical system performance in the absence of matching failures, and the worst case theoretical equal error rate (EER) is predicted to be as low as 2.59 times 10-1 available data sets

DCT-Based Iris Recognition

The iris is regarded as one of the most useful traits for biometric recognition and the dissemination of nationwide iris-based recognition systems is imminent. However, currently deployed systems rely on heavy imaging constraints to capture near infrared images with enough quality. Also, all of the publicly available iris image databases contain data correspondent to such imaging constraints and therefore are exclusively suitable to evaluate methods thought to operate on these type of environments. The main purpose of this paper is to announce the availability of the UBIRIS.v2 database, a multisession iris images database which singularly contains data captured in the visible wavelength, at-a-distance (between four and eight meters) and on on-the-move. This database is freely available for researchers concerned about visible wavelength iris recognition and will be useful in accessing the feasibility and specifying the constraints of this type of biometric recognition.

/pdf/the-ubiris-v2-a-database-of-visible-wavelength-iris-images-4rx3v9hc5o.pdf

The UBIRIS.v2: A Database of Visible Wavelength Iris Images Captured On-the-Move and At-a-Distance

In this paper, iris recognition as one of the important method of biometrics-based identification systems and iris recognition algorithm is described. As technology advances and information and intellectual properties are wanted by many unauthorized personnel. As a result many organizations have being searching ways for more secure authentication methods for the user access. In network security there is a vital emphasis on the automatic personal identification. Due to its inherent advantages biometric based verification especially iris identification is gaining a lot of attention. Iris recognition uses iris patterns for personnel identification. The system steps are capturing iris patterns; determining the location of iris boundaries; converting the iris boundary to the stretched polar coordinate system; extracting iris code based on texture analysis. The system has been implemented and tested using dataset of number of samples of iris data with different contrast quality. The developed algorithm performs satisfactorily on the images, provides 93% accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method has an encouraging performance.

/pdf/iris-recognition-an-emerging-biometric-technology-2gemlovuqu.pdf

Iris recognition: an emerging biometric technology

In a previous couple of years, the web innovation has been doing the advancement of extensive network facilities and digital data communication. Because of this information is exchanged from one device to another device in the form of audio, text, video, images and so forth. The essential documentations like property papers, military records, restorative reports, multimedia data or any personal documents can be sent from one device to another over the web. With the expanding use of computerised data and audio, the security of licensed innovation rights creation has turned into an important issue. Advanced watermarking is currently drawing consideration as a technique for shielding interactive media content from unapproved duplicating. This paper proposed audio watermarking algorithm implemented on Raspberry pi 3 using patchwork, least significant bit and base64 encoding techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior regarding perceptual quality, security, and robustness.

Audio Watermarking Algorithm Implementation using Patchwork Technique

Brain-computer interface (BCI) system intends to control the environment for the individual using only his thoughts bypassing muscular pathway. Electroencephalography (EEG) is non-invasive signals corresponding to underlying brain wave acting as potential input to BCI. This paper used EEG corresponding to Motor Imagery (MI) of Right hand and Left-hand movement as input to the system designed. Spectral components with a temporal resolution of signal acted as strong features in BCI and achieved by using wavelet transform. Extracting relevant features is linked with wavelet basis selection. This work proposes a new method of energy compaction in the approximate band for wavelet basis selection. Daubechies and Bioorthogonal family, the preferred wavelets for biomedical signals, are used for band energy comparison. Experimenting verifies biorthogonal wavelets bior2.8, bior3.1, bior5.5, bior6.8 and Daubechies wavelets db10, db13, db14, db15 carries more energy in the approximate band for signal under test. This paper further suggested the restriction on features extracting from μ band (8-12Hz) and β band (15-30Hz), reducing the burden on the classifier. The higher-order statistical features extracted in this work represent the dynamics of the signal. Bior6.8 and db10 emerge as the matching wavelets with a classification accuracy of 82.01% and 82.82% respectively using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification.

Comparative Analysis Of Mother Wavelet Selection For EEG Signal Application To Motor Imagery Based Brain-Computer Interface

For deaf persons it is very difficult to establish a communication, by using Hearing Aid System it becomes possible. But the Hearing Aid which are available in the market are having many issues like heavy weight, more power consumption, voice with less clarity, delay in receiving the signal, cost, stigma associated with wearing the hearing aid system etc. To overcome mentioned problems and to help the deaf people we have designed the filter bank with variable bandwidth (VBF) which can be used in hearing aid system to improve the performance by reducing the hardware, by removing the noise, also by improving the speech quality and reducing the delay. The developed filter bank is implemented using MATLAB, audiograms of different patients and achieved better performance by reducing unwanted noise and increasing the speech intelligibility finally the attained performance of developed filter is contrast with the subsist filter banks in the parameters like consumption of power, matching error, and delay in processing, to check the performance of developed filter

Audiogram Study in Filter Bank Used for Hearing Aid System to Enhance the Performance

Filtering techniques have been elaborated in the HA field to improve signal clarity and enhance the hearing capacity of deaf people. However, public sounds are highly noisy, so filtering those signals is not an easy task. Hence, the present article has aimed to develop a novel Ant Lion based power NoiseVariable Bandwidth Filter (ALPN-VBF) for the HA applications. Here, the proposed optimized power efficient filter has incorporated several functions like de-noising and frequency tuning based on the word features. Here, the signal’s noise has been removed with the maximum possible range with the help of High-pass-Filter (HPF) and low-pass filter (LPF). Finally, the developed model is tested with a few audiograms, and the filter parameters have been analyzed and compared with other models. The testing results have proved that the designed filter is better in frequency tuning and signal transmission than the previous approaches by attaining less delay and reduced power consumption rate. Keywords—Hearing aid system; variable bandwidth filter; audiograms; matching error; power consumption; signal filtering

/pdf/vhdl-based-design-of-an-efficient-hearing-aid-filter-using-2r42brv3.pdf

Sanjay Ganorkar

Papers

Iris recognition: an emerging biometric technology

Audio Watermarking Algorithm Implementation using Patchwork Technique

Comparative Analysis Of Mother Wavelet Selection For EEG Signal Application To Motor Imagery Based Brain-Computer Interface

Audiogram Study in Filter Bank Used for Hearing Aid System to Enhance the Performance

VHDL based Design of an Efficient Hearing Aid Filter using an Intelligent Variable-Bandwidth-Filter