The paper introduces a novel all optical active high 2 × 4 decoder based on 2D photonic crystals (PhC) of silicon rods with permittivity of e = 10.1 × 10−11 farad/m. The main structure of optical decoder is designed using a combination of five nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator, set of T-type waveguide, and line defect of Y and T branch splitters. The proposed structure has two logic input ports, four output ports, and one bias input port. The total size of the proposed 2 × 4 decoder is equal to 40 μm × 38 μm. The PhC structure has a square lattice of silicon rod with refractive index of 3.39 in air. The overall design and the results are discussed through the realization and the numerically simulation to confirm its operation and feasibility.

All optical active high decoder using integrated 2D square lattice photonic crystals

In this paper, we are going to design and propose a novel structure for all optical decoder. The proposed structure is composed of optical power splitters and a four-port optical switch. The four-port optical switch simply is a non-linear optical demulitiplexer. For achieving non-linear behaviour for the demultiplexer, we will employ defect rods made of doped glass which has high Kerr coefficient. The final structure has three input ports and four output ports. Port E acts as enable port, which will be used activating or deactivating the total structure. A and B are the control ports, by which one can control when the structure is active, which port of the structure to be active. The optical intensity of the input ports required appropriate operation of the structure is about 20 W/μm2. The maximum switching frequency of the proposed structure is 2 GHz. Reduced input optical intensity is the main characteristics of the present work. Numerical methods such as plane wave expansion and finite differen...

Study the role of non-linear resonant cavities in photonic crystal-based decoder switches

In this paper, we present a plasmonic model system for the realization of ultrafast all-optical NOT, AND, OR, and XOR gate operations using linear interference effects in dielectric crossed waveguide structures. The waveguides for the surface plasmon-polaritons are produced by a simple but highly accurate microscopic lithographic process and are optimized for single mode operation at an excitation laser wavelength of 800 nm. The functionality of the presented structures is demonstrated using sub-30 fs laser pulses from a mode locked titanium:sapphire laser. Using leakage radiation microscopy we show ultrafast SPP switching and logic operations of one basic structure consisting of two crossed waveguides with an additional output waveguide along the bisecting line of the input waveguides. The individual gates are realized on a footprint of 10 µm × 20 µm. Experimental investigations are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations, where good agreement between experimental results and numerical simulations is obtained. To exploit the high precision of the fabrication method and its huge potential for realizing functional complex plasmonic circuitry we experimentally demonstrate a half-adder structure and its operation by combining and cascading several plasmonic waveguide components and logic gate elements on an area of only 10 µm × 28 µm.

Ultrafast surface plasmon-polariton logic gates and half-adder

Design and simulation of all optical decoder based on nonlinear PhCRRs

In the development of the technology of all-optical integrated circuits, the logic gates play considerable role in the progress of optical components. As one of the main building-blocks of an optical system, a high-performance 2*4 all-optical decoder is proposed and studied based on nonlinear effects in a photonic crystal ring resonator. The proposed structure consists of 1*2 decoders which are combined to operate as a unique 2*4 decoder and this will let us to extend the design to decoders with increased inputs. An optical bias is used to interact with input signals, and each output port is enabled for a given code in the input code. Numerical simulation methods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain are performed to study the operation of proposed structure. Results of simulations show that for an on-state output, the highest achievable power is about 87% and the lowest value is 40%. For the case of 40%, the on/off ratio of outputs is at least 2.22 which ensures the acceptable resolution needed for detection of on-state. Maximum cross-talk about −10 dB and insertion loss about −8.8 dB is obtained for proposed decoder.

Design and analysis of integrated all-optical $$2\times 4$$ decoder based on 2D photonic crystals

All optical data comparator and decoder using SOA-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Abstract Free space optics (FSO) links provide an effectual and efficient way of transmission of data throughout free channels due to its higher bandwidth and inbuilt capability of security. In this research analysis, the FSO link is evaluated on the basis of Q value for different modulation formats and weather conditions. Gamma–Gamma and log-normal scintillation models have been analyzed for different index of refraction in terms of Q factor versus a range of a proposed FSO link. Attenuation increases during the occurrence of different fog conditions, and there might be complete link failure in the case of dense fog and for some of the cloud conditions.

Analysis of Free Space Optics Link Performance Considering the Effect of Different Weather Conditions and Modulation Formats for Terrestrial Communication

We demonstrate an optical gate architecture using a single SOA to perform AND, OR and NOT logic functions. Simple reconfigurable all-optical logic operations are implemented using RZ modulated signals at 40 Gb/s. Contrast ratio and extinction ratio values have been analysed for the different types of logic gates. Maximum extinction ratio and contrast ratio achieved are 19dB and 17.2 dB respectively. Simple structure and potential for integration makes this architecture an interesting approach in photonic computing and optical signal processing.

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Ultrahigh Speed Reconfigurable Logic Operations Based on Single Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

We propose a new and potentially integrable scheme for the realization of an all-optical binary full adder employing two XOR gates, two AND gates, and one OR gate. The XOR gate is realized using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The AND and OR gates are based on the nonlinear properties of a semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed scheme is driven by two input data streams and a carry bit from the previous less-significant bit order position. In our proposed design, we achieve extinction ratios for Sum and Carry output signals of 10 dB and 12 dB respectively. Successful operation of the system is demonstrated at 10 Gb/s with return-to-zero modulated signals.

http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201520441372370.pdf

All-Optical Binary Full Adder Using Logic Operations Based on the Nonlinear Properties of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

The welcome and adaptation of optical wireless technology by the modern era has brought forward the concept of an inter-satellite free-space optical communication system. In the present work, I study the combined effect of selection of different operating wavelengths and detector types along with the pointing errors at the transmitter and receiver side on the performance of an inter-satellite free-space optical link. The link performance has been optimized by measuring and analyzing the bit error rate and quality-factor of received signal under different scenarios. Performance of the inter-satellite link has also been investigated considering different modulation formats and data rates for LEO and MEO distances.

Sanmukh Kaur

Papers

All optical data comparator and decoder using SOA-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Analysis of Free Space Optics Link Performance Considering the Effect of Different Weather Conditions and Modulation Formats for Terrestrial Communication

Ultrahigh Speed Reconfigurable Logic Operations Based on Single Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

All-Optical Binary Full Adder Using Logic Operations Based on the Nonlinear Properties of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Analysis of inter-satellite free-space optical link performance considering different system parameters