Clustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items, or feature vectors) into groups (clusters). The clustering problem has been addressed in many contexts and by researchers in many disciplines; this reflects its broad appeal and usefulness as one of the steps in exploratory data analysis. However, clustering is a difficult problem combinatorially, and differences in assumptions and contexts in different communities has made the transfer of useful generic concepts and methodologies slow to occur. This paper presents an overview of pattern clustering methods from a statistical pattern recognition perspective, with a goal of providing useful advice and references to fundamental concepts accessible to the broad community of clustering practitioners. We present a taxonomy of clustering techniques, and identify cross-cutting themes and recent advances. We also describe some important applications of clustering algorithms such as image segmentation, object recognition, and information retrieval.

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Data clustering: a review

“Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

Handwriting has continued to persist as a means of communication and recording information in day-to-day life even with the introduction of new technologies. Given its ubiquity in human transactions, machine recognition of handwriting has practical significance, as in reading handwritten notes in a PDA, in postal addresses on envelopes, in amounts in bank checks, in handwritten fields in forms, etc. This overview describes the nature of handwritten language, how it is transduced into electronic data, and the basic concepts behind written language recognition algorithms. Both the online case (which pertains to the availability of trajectory data during writing) and the off-line case (which pertains to scanned images) are considered. Algorithms for preprocessing, character and word recognition, and performance with practical systems are indicated. Other fields of application, like signature verification, writer authentification, handwriting learning tools are also considered.

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Online and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Information Technology is the umbrella term that encompasses the entire field of information processing, information storage and information dissemination using computer and communication technology. Due to the rapid expansion of information infrastructure, the interdependent capacities for digital communication and computational power, every aspect of our life is being transformed by information technology. Emerging services, enabled by the power of information technology, are now offering hitherto unknown facilities in the field of health-care, governance, education, finance and commerce, communication, entertainment and culture.

Guest Editorial: Introduction to IT Enabled Services

Anomalous events occur rarely and are challenging to model. Therefore, automatic recognition of abnormal activities in surveillance videos is a non-trivial task. Though with the availability of video datasets of abnormal activities, there has been some progress, recognition of abnormal activities in real-time with high confidence remains unsolved. Existing video-based anomaly detection techniques using traditional machine learning and deep-learning are compute-intensive and give low recognition accuracy. This paper presents a robust and computationally efficient deep learning-based framework to recognize different real-world anomalies from the video. The proposed scheme uses a Fuzzy rule to summarize the video to scale the problem into fewer frames and the slow-fast neural network for classification. Intuitively, the designed pipeline aims to solve two significant problems that arise with video classification; one is to reduce the redundant frames and avoid the computation of optical flow for a video that has a substantial computational requirement. The proposed scheme tested on the UCF-crime dataset and has achieved recognition accuracy of 53%.

Video Classification using SlowFast Network via Fuzzy rule

Labelled data are not only time consuming but often expensive and difficult to procure as it involves skilful inputs by humans to tag and annotate. Contrary to this unlabelled data is comparatively easier to procure but fewer methods exist to optimally use them. Semi-Supervised Learning overcomes this problem and assists to build better classifiers by using unlabelled data along with sufficient labelled data and may actually yield higher accuracy with considerably less human input effort. But if the labelled data set is inadequate in size then the Semi-Supervised techniques are also stuck. We propose a novel framework where the small labelled dataset is appropriately augmented using the intelligent learning mechanisms of artificial immune systems to train the proposed model. The model retrains with the unlabelled data to fortify the learning mechanism. We show that the generative deep framework utilizing artificial immune system principles provides a highly competitive approach for learning in the semi-supervised environment.

Integrated Semi-Supervised Model for Learning and Classification

Generation of synthetic data is a challenging task. There are only a few significant works on RGB video generation and no pertinent works on RGB-D data generation. In the present work, we focus our attention on synthesizing RGB-D data which can further be used as dataset for various applications like object tracking, gesture recognition, and action recognition. This paper has put forward a proposal for a novel architecture that uses conditional deep 3D-convolutional generative adversarial networks to synthesize RGB-D data by exploiting 3D spatio-temporal convolutional framework. The proposed architecture can be used to generate virtually unlimited data. In this work, we have presented the architecture to generate RGB-D data conditioned on class labels. In the architecture, two parallel paths were used, one to generate RGB data and the second to synthesize depth map. The output from the two parallel paths is combined to generate RGB-D data. The proposed model is used for video generation at 30 fps (frames per second). The frame referred here is an RGB-D with the spatial resolution of 512 × 512.

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Conditional Deep 3D-Convolutional Generative Adversarial Nets for RGB-D Generation

In this paper we have presented a data model, which allows the users to compose a multimedia presentation, involving different data types (i.e., video, audio, text, graphics and images) in an easy and efficient fashion. This model provides an efficient mechanism for organizing and manipulating multimedia data by assigning logical representations to the underlying data streams and their contents. This scheme also specifies operations for associative access of the multimedia information. On the basis of this data model we have developed a system for browsing and authoring multimedia presentations. Implementation has been done in Visual C++ under Windows-95 environment.

Santanu Chaudhury

Papers

Guest Editorial: Introduction to IT Enabled Services

Video Classification using SlowFast Network via Fuzzy rule

Integrated Semi-Supervised Model for Learning and Classification

Conditional Deep 3D-Convolutional Generative Adversarial Nets for RGB-D Generation

A multimedia data model