Egirdir Lake basin was selected as the study area because the lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Turkey and groundwater in the basin is used as drinking water. In the present study, 29 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters to determine the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater quality, and human health risk in the study area. The dominant ions are Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO32-, and SO42. According to Gibbs plot, the predominant samples fall in the rock-water interaction field. A groundwater quality index (WQI) reveals that the majority of the samples falls under good to excellent category of water, suggesting that the groundwater is suitable for drinking and other domestic uses. The Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca-SO4-HCO3, and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 water types are the dominant water types depending on the water-rock interaction in the investigation area. Risk of metals to human health was then evaluated using hazard quotients (HQ) by ingestion and dermal pathways for adults and children. It was indicated that As with HQ ingestion >1 was the most important pollutant leading to non-carcinogenic concerns. It can be concluded that the highest contributors to chronic risks were As and Cr for both adults and children.

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Assessment of groundwater quality and health risk in drinking water basin using GIS

This study aimed to assess the impacts of industrial activities in Ogun State, Nigeria A total of 96 samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons for analysis of physicochemical quality indi

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/26395940.2020.1780157

Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of groundwater within selected industrial areas in Ogun State, Nigeria

Ground water quality assessment is important for use in various industries, for drinking, and for agriculture. This paper tries to evaluate the quality of ground water used in agricultural sector in Kerman province. Kerman province, with an area of 180,726 km2, is one of the largest provinces of Iran. Agriculture is common in this region and ground water is mostly used for irrigation. Using zonation with GIS and standard tables, it was tried to examine the use of this ground water in drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. The results of zoning water quality in agricultural sector showed that water quality is classified into three groups of good, moderate, and unsuitable according to Wilcox classification. In term of TDS, a small amount of water has limitations and in term of EC, high amount of water is unauthorized. Also, the results of zoning showed that for drip irrigation, a small amount of water is unallowable in terms of CL and TDS, but regarding pH, the water of the total area is allowable. So, if the sprinkler irrigation system is implemented, in terms of acidity the total area has acceptable level, but in term of sodium and chlorine levels will be unauthorized.

Assessing the ground water quality for pressurized irrigation systems in Kerman Province, Iran using GIS

High anthropogenic activities are rapidly increasing phenomenon and it is assumed to have global implications. In Nigeria, high anthropogenic activities rapidly increase above the standard of the threshold values especially the lighting sources. This increase due to the vastly growing of industries, residential and commercial uses and other sources such as street lighting in urban and semi-urban areas, which can make the night sky brightness in the area above the threshold set for polluted status. The study measures the night sky brightness at the most densely populated urban centers of Nigeria; to estimate and quantify the level of the night sky brightness from the sites nearby the cities of the planned research study. The research monitored the zenith sky brightness from November 2015 to March 2016 using Sky Quality Meter (SQM). However, typical values ranging from 20.14 to 22.00Mag.sqm /arc sec.2 were measured at different sites of the study area. This data recorded in the field was analyzed using Agglomerative Hierarchical Method via Ward’s Methods to cluster our data according to the pollution status of the areas. Result showed three clusters in which class 1 has low pollution; class 2 is moderate while class 3 has the high pollution status. The sites classified in class 3 are more polluted due to the high use of artificial light. However, geographical information system (GIS) software was employed to confirm the results obtained from environ-metric technique and concluded that this result is confirmed to be the same. Hence, it illustrated that sites in cluster 1 have an excellent dark location that can be used to build optical observatory stations and other astronomical observations due to their dark sky.

Night Sky Brightness Assessment in Nigeria Using Environmetric and GIS Technique

One of the most important indicators for land degradation is the progressive salinization of soils. This work, conducted at the Dawling National Park (southern Mauritania), assess the effects of salinity on soil quality. Analyzes of spatial variation in salinity were performed using interpolation and spatial analysis (GIS) methods. Thus, maps of electrical conductivity have been developed using several methods of interpolation and spatial analysis: Inverse Weighting (IDW), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), Radial Base Function (RBF) and Ordinary Kriging (OK). The obtained results showed that the best estimator is IDW method, which provides a good ability to predict electrical conductivity, with a mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.34 mS/cm and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99. Key-words: Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Soil, GIS, Interpolation, Diawling National Park, Mauritania.

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Modeling the Spatial Variability of the Electrical Conductivity of the Soil Using Differents Spatial Interpolation Methods: Case of the Dawling National Park in Mauritania

Groundwater is a major source of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors in many countries. The main objective of this research was to provide an overview of present groundwater quality using parameters such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) in the Mehran plain, Ilam province using GIS and geostatistical techniques. A total of 23 deep and semi-profound wells were selected based on the classified randomized sampling method. The sampling locations were obtained by GPS. Plastic containers were used for the collection of water samples. These samples were transferred to the laboratory for analyzing water quality parameters. Statistical characteristics, qualitative data interpolation, and zoning were investigated using SPSS 20 ،GS+5.3 and ArcGIS10.1. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were used to test data normality. In order to normalize parameters, logarithm, and 1/x were used for sulfate, EC, cation, and anion. Then the variogram analysis was performed to select the appropriate model. Results showed that co-kriging is the best method for cation and anion, whereas local polynomial interpolation is suitable for sulfate. The results of the interpolation of groundwater quality factors showed that there is approximately good adaption among groundwater factors and geomorphology and topology of the region. Because of inappropriate irrigation system, the highest concentration is in the northwest and western parts of the region, where there is the minimum height and maximum agricultural land. Growth of arable land and agricultural activities has caused increasing concentrations of studied elements, especially EC.

/pdf/investigation-of-spatial-structure-of-groundwater-quality-3i0n0q72j8.pdf

Investigation of Spatial Structure of Groundwater Quality Using Geostatistical Approach in Mehran Plain, Iran

This paper focused on the phenomenon of drought defined by the streamflow drought index (SDI) at hydrometric stations in riverheads of Karkheh and Dez Basins in Lorestan province. For this purpose, the monthly discharge data from 21 hydrometric stations were used over the period 1975-2011. The Mann-Kendall and Sen's Estimate methods were applied to explore the trends in the time series of 12 months. The results showed that detection of the drought trend has been almost the same in both methods. So that 70% and 100% of stations in Karkheh dam had significant trend based on Mann-Kendall method and Sen's Estimate Approach, respectively. But this amounts in Dez dam for Mann-Kendall and Sen's Estimate methods were 58% and 78% respectively. The stations of Dare Takht (Marbareh), Dorud (Tire) and Dorud (Marbareh) in Dez dam basin suffered from the highest intensity trend of hydrological drought. The stations of Doab (Vesseyan), Horo (Kaka Reza) and Tang Syab in Karkhe dam basin also had the highest intensity of hydrological drought. Based on these results, Karkheh dam has spent more severity and a long time of water deficit in recent years. According to the position and distribution of the stations in the study area this two studied dams have a special spatial trend.

http://jdee.kashanu.ac.ir/article_69731_4e51e9b628896f5108a5a35400c79bec.pdf

Sara Nakhaee nejadfard

Papers

Investigation of Spatial Structure of Groundwater Quality Using Geostatistical Approach in Mehran Plain, Iran

Drought Trend Assessment in Riverheads of Karkheh and Dez Basins based on Streamflow Drought Index (SDI)