(1982). Chromatin Structure and Gene Activity: The Role of Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-86.

Chromatin Structure and Gene Activity: The Role of Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein

Chromosomal arrangement in the interphase nucleus has two main aspects: (1) arrangement of chromosomes with respect to nuclear polarity and to other nuclear components, and (2) arrangement of chromosomes with respect to one another The latter aspect consists of two main types of spatial relationships; (a) relationships between different members of one chromosomal set, (b) relationships between different chromosomal sets Data concerning various aspects of chromosomal arrangement in the interphase nucleus are presented and discussed and the genetic control as well as subcellular mechanisms which are involvled in nuclear organization, are elucidated Evidence is presented indicating that, in common wheat, the gene system that determines the specific pattern of chromosomal arrangement in the nucleus is operating via the microtubular elements of the spindle system The significance of ordered arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus for the regularity of genetic activity and chromosomal behavior, is pointed out

Arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus of plants

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9233/1/cremer_thomas_9233.pdf

Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus. Distribution in interphase and metaphase.

We investigated the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of telomeres in structurally well preserved, interphase nuclei of Pisum stativum and Vicia faba root tips using in situ hybridization of a probe to telomeric sequences. The probe was labelled with either digoxygenin or biotin and hybridized sequences were detected by immunofluorescence. Three-dimensional data sets were collected by confocal optical microscopy or using a cooled CCD camera. Twelve stacks of optical sections of P. sativum nuclei and nine of V. faba nuclei were studied in detail. Projections through the stacks of optical sections revealed that, in both species, most of the telomeres were adjacent to the nuclear envelope except for a small number next to the nucleolar periphery. In V. faba nuclei, the telomeres were clearly clustered at one pole while in P. sativum there was only a slight tendency for clustering. In V. faba, clusters were found at opposite poles in pairs of sister nuclei rather than at adjacent poles as would be expected if the arrangement at telophase were maintained into interphase.

Localization of telomeres in plant interphase nuclei by in situ hybridization and 3D confocal microscopy

The Rabl orientation: A prelude to synapsis.

The orientation of Giemsa C-bands has been studied in mitotic and interphase cells of Allium cepa, A. sativum and of Aloe vera. The C-bands in these three species are located at the telomeres, secondary constriction region of the nucleolar chromosomes and the centromeric regions, respectively. Observations in A. cepa and Aloe indicate clearly that the interphase chromosomes are non-random in their orientation and possibly maintain their telophase configuration through the attachment of telomeres and perhaps of kinetochores with the nuclear membrane. Electron micrographs of onion cells also reveal that certain heterochromatic segments are associated with the nuclear membrane. — The nucleolar interstitial C-bands in A. sativum remain free in the nucleoplasm and may come close to each other due to heterochromatic attraction. Such a heterochromatic attraction is also evident between telomeric regions and between centromeres. However, a two by two attachment could not be noticed. A diagrammatic representation of the orientation of interphase chromosomes has been presented.

Satyesh Ch. Roy

Papers

Orientation of interphase chromosomes as detected by Giemsa C-bands.