This review focuses on dietary intake and dietary supplement use among the U.S. population age 1â€“74 based on four National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 1971â€“74, 1976â€“80, 1988â€“94, and 1999â€“2000.

Secular Trends in Dietary Intake in the United States

Stone formation in patients less than 20 years of age is associated with higher rates of stone recurrence: Results from the Registry for Stones of the Kidney and Ureter (ReSKU).

The Use of Full Thickness Skin Graft Phalloplasty During Adult Acquired Buried Penis Repair.

Purpose of review An overly acidic urine resulting in supersaturation of urine with respect to uric acid is the major mechanism responsible for uric acid nephrolithiasis. The present review summarizes findings from recent human physiologic studies examining the pathophysiology and reversibility of low urine pH in uric acid stone formers. Recent findings Epidemiologic and metabolic studies have confirmed an increase in the prevalence of uric acid nephrolithiasis and reported its association with several features of the metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, and greater visceral adiposity. Physiologic studies in uric acid stone formers have identified diet-independent excessive net acid excretion and concomitant reduction in urinary buffering from impaired renal ammoniagenesis as the two causes underlying the greater aciduria. Administration of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone to uric acid stone formers reduced the acid load presented to the kidney and enhanced ammoniagenesis and ammonium excretion, resulting in significantly higher urine pH. Summary Recent human physiologic studies have identified greater acid excretion and reduced urinary buffering by ammonia as two culprits of aciduria in uric acid nephrolithiasis that can be reversed by pioglitazone, raising new questions regarding the origin of the aciduria and opening the door to pathophysiology-based treatment of uric acid stones.

Uric acid stone disease: lessons from recent human physiologic studies.

Risk factors for recurrent urolithiasis in children

Influence of BMI in nephrolithiasis in an Appalachian pediatric population: A single-center experience

Introduction We sought to elucidate outcomes and risks associated with cystectomy and urinary diversion for benign urological conditions compared to malignant conditions. Materials and methods We identified patients who underwent cystectomy and urinary diversion for benign and malignant diseases through the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database for the period 2007-2015. Patients were selected for inclusion based upon their current procedure terminology and International Classification of Disease, Ninth revision codes. Primary outcome was 30 day morbidity including return to the operating room (OR); infectious, respiratory, and/or cardiovascular complications; readmission to the hospital; and mortality. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Results A total of 317 patients underwent cystectomy and urinary diversion for benign disease, and 5510 patients underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for cancer. Rates of major morbidity (43.2% versus 38.6%), mortality (0.9% versus 1.9%), return to OR (5% versus 5.8%), readmission (19.7% versus 21.4%), postoperative sepsis (14.5% versus 12%), and wound complications (16.1% versus 14.2%) were similar among patients undergoing cystectomy for benign and malignant conditions. In the group with cystectomy for benign conditions, smoking (OR: 3.11) and longer operative duration (OR: 1.06) were significantly associated with increased overall morbidity. Wound complications were significantly higher in smokers (OR: 3.09) and with an ASA ≥ III (OR: 5.71) CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion for benign disease are at similar risk for 30 day morbidity and mortality as patients undergoing surgery for malignant conditions. Risk factors are identified that can potentially be targeted for morbidity reduction.

Cystectomy for benign disease: readmission, morbidity, and complications.

Outpatient Surgical Management for Acquired Buried Penis.

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3–4% of adult malignant neoplasms and over 65,000 new cases of kidney cancer were diagnosed in the USA in 2013 [1, 2] Widespread use of abdominal imaging is leading to an increased incidence in the detection of small renal masses (SRMs) among other causes [1–4] In light of recent literature on the role of percutaneous renal mass biopsy and retrospective data analysis, surveillance for renal masses ≤4 cm is likely to become more common especially in patients with less aggressive pathology, advanced age and multiple medical comorbidities

Scott G. Erpelding

Papers

Influence of BMI in nephrolithiasis in an Appalachian pediatric population: A single-center experience

Cystectomy for benign disease: readmission, morbidity, and complications.

Outpatient Surgical Management for Acquired Buried Penis.

Current Role of Active Surveillance in the Management of a Small Renal Mass.