Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year. Brazil's well-documented reduction in deforestation was offset by increasing forest loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zambia, Angola, and elsewhere. Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally. Boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms. These results depict a globally consistent and locally relevant record of forest change.

High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change

Dengue is a systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. For some patients, dengue is a life-threatening illness. There are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics, and substantial vector control efforts have not stopped its rapid emergence and global spread. The contemporary worldwide distribution of the risk of dengue virus infection and its public health burden are poorly known. Here we undertake an exhaustive assembly of known records of dengue occurrence worldwide, and use a formal modelling framework to map the global distribution of dengue risk. We then pair the resulting risk map with detailed longitudinal information from dengue cohort studies and population surfaces to infer the public health burden of dengue in 2010. We predict dengue to be ubiquitous throughout the tropics, with local spatial variations in risk influenced strongly by rainfall, temperature and the degree of urbanization. Using cartographic approaches, we estimate there to be 390 million (95% credible interval 284-528) dengue infections per year, of which 96 million (67-136) manifest apparently (any level of disease severity). This infection total is more than three times the dengue burden estimate of the World Health Organization. Stratification of our estimates by country allows comparison with national dengue reporting, after taking into account the probability of an apparent infection being formally reported. The most notable differences are discussed. These new risk maps and infection estimates provide novel insights into the global, regional and national public health burden imposed by dengue. We anticipate that they will provide a starting point for a wider discussion about the global impact of this disease and will help to guide improvements in disease control strategies using vaccine, drug and vector control methods, and in their economic evaluation.

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The global distribution and burden of dengue

Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

The landscape-scale community dynamics of a boreal forest ecosystem was investigated using the Landsat MSS data record form 1973 to 1983 to generate a stochastic description of the key life cycle states of the community landscape elements. Such descriptions can provide input and verification for models of community development and landscape dynamics. It is anticipated that the proposed approach may be extended to measure, monitor, and model ecosystems at continental and planetary scales.

Landscape pattern and successional dynamics in the boreal forest

A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska

Definition and measurement of tree cover: A comparative analysis of field-, lidar- and landsat-based tree cover estimations in the Sierra national forests, USA

Spatial and temporal variability in the quality of the collection 4 and 5 MODIS FPAR products were examined over a 1.1 million km2 region dominated by temperate forests. The MODIS FPAR products were parsed into different quality levels based on the retrieval method of the FPAR estimates, and the spatial coverage of the different quality MODIS subsets was examined through time and by land cover. The spatial extent of good quality FPAR estimates, derived from the main radiative transfer algorithm without saturation, was found to be quite limited, particularly during the growing season. The majority of the MODIS C4 FPAR retrievals were derived from the back-up, empirically based algorithm. The C5 products available to date showed greater data quality but still had limitations in forested areas. As an alternative to using the lower-quality MODIS FPAR data, we explored the utility of estimating FPAR from the more spatially extensive (and higher resolution) MODIS NDVI product using a simple, regionally based linear regression. A strong linear relationship between high quality MODIS NDVI and FPAR products within our study site was found, indicating its utility for estimating FPAR at regional scales where good quality retrievals from the MODIS algorithm are not available and where higher resolution FPAR maps are desired. We discuss these results and their significance for down-stream MODIS users.

Assessment and extension of the MODIS FPAR products in temperate forests of the eastern United States

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13380

Scott J. Goetz

Papers

Landscape pattern and successional dynamics in the boreal forest

A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska

Definition and measurement of tree cover: A comparative analysis of field-, lidar- and landsat-based tree cover estimations in the Sierra national forests, USA

Assessment and extension of the MODIS FPAR products in temperate forests of the eastern United States

Climate mediates the relationship between plant biodiversity and forest structure across the United States