A wide variety of media can be used in learning, including distance learning, such as print, lectures, conference sections, tutors, pictures, video, sound, and computers. Any one instance of distance learning will make choices among these media, perhaps using several.

Multimedia in Learning

The Organization of Learning そして

The hippocampus as a cognitive map

/pdf/virtual-geographic-environments-vges-a-new-generation-of-j9sy992fv3.pdf

Virtual Geographic Environments (VGEs): A New Generation of Geographic Analysis Tool

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, volume 1, edited by Raymond S Nickerson, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, California, 2005, 306 pp, US$9500, paperback ISBN 0-945289-2

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

Similarities exist in how people process and represent spatial information and in the factors that contribute to disorientation, whether one is moving through airspace, on the ground, or surgically within the body. As such, design principles for presenting spatial information should bear similarities across these domains but also be somewhat specific to each. In this chapter, we review research in spatial cognition and its application to navigation system design for within-vehicle, aviation, and endoscopic navigation systems. Taken together, the research suggests three general principles for navigation system design consideration. First, multimedia displays should present spatial information visually and action and description information verbally. Second, display organizations should meet users' dynamic navigational goals. Third, navigation systems should be adaptable to users' spatial information preferences. Designers of adaptive navigation display technologies can maximize the effectiveness of those technologies by appealing to the basic spatial cognition processes employed by all users while conforming to user's domain-specific requirements. Keywords: Driver distraction; Pilot distraction Language: en

Scott T. Taylor

Papers

Spatial Mental Representation: Implications for Navigation System Design: