This study aims to evaluate the significant risks in geothermal energy investments. For this purpose, a model is suggested by considering the Spherical fuzzy DEMATEL technique. With the help of the literature examination, eight important risks are identified for these projects. In the following step, their weights are calculated so that more significant risk issues can be understood. Another calculation is also performed by triangular fuzzy DEMATEL to check the consistency of the analysis results. The results of both Spherical and triangular fuzzy DEMATEL techniques are similar. The most essential risk issues are the same for both methods that demonstrate the validity of the findings. The results indicate that the risk of accidents because of incorrect design‐material use has the greatest importance since it has the highest weight. Moreover, the risks of decreased water resources and pollution of them also play a significant role in this regard. Great attention should be paid to the quality of the material to be used in geothermal energy facilities. Otherwise, there is a risk of explosion and fire in the facility. These problems threaten the lives of many people. In this process, states also have very important duties. Some standards should be determined for the quality of the material used in these facilities. In addition, the compliance of the quality of these materials with the regulations should be checked with the routine inspections. This situation will minimize the risk of accidents due to using poor‐quality materials.

Strategy improvements to minimize the drawbacks of geothermal investments by using spherical fuzzy modelling

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new methodological approach to complex assessment of coal-mining enterprises basing on the evaluation of technological schemes from the viewpoint of their susceptibility to innovations. To solve the specified problems, a complex method has been used. The method involves geometrical interpretation of a task of determining boundary parameters of technological schemes, application of criteria-based estimations for determining a level of production efficiency, and use of complex index of economic re liability. For the first time, optimality criteria for innovation management in coal industry have been proposed; they take into consideration a level of organization of innovations, organization of innovative production system, and organization of innovative production process. A complex index “internal potential of technological networks” has been developed, being one of the essential parameters for evaluating coal mine conditions. It has been identified that its formation is the result of the influence of certain factors determining the underground mining efficiency and, first of all, the coal mine property—spatial development. According to the represented concept, a policy of optimal control for maintaining the operating mine capacities is based on the evaluation of remained reserves, substantiated planning of a stoping line, and correspondence of extraction equipment to the operating conditions. It is possible to increase the concentration of production by redistributing the remained reserves and integration of mines by mining operations; that makes it possible to concentrate resources within those parts of a mine field where the effect will show its maximum. Modelling of such problems is based on a system of constraints without any requirements for providing the planned mine loading, obligatory in the past. Analysis of the indices of efficiency of coal-mining technological schemes and accounting of the developed factual system of indices have helped elaborate recommendations concerning the use of optimality criteria in the organizational tasks of assessment of the potential of technological scheme of mines. Further application of graphs and network models will allow optimizing the mining production parameters. Consequently, the carried out research has resulted in a new system as for innovation management in a mining complex.

/pdf/innovative-activities-in-the-sphere-of-mining-process-3pmf1wg8.pdf

Innovative Activities in the Sphere of Mining Process Management

Experimental investigation on the thermal appraisal of heat pipe-evacuated tube collector-based water heating system integrated with PCM

The global renewable energy landscape is changing rapidly. Green energies reduce greenhouse gas emissions, diversify the energy supply, and lower dependence on volatile and uncertain fossil fuel markets. The future looks promising for green energy sources, which are taking on an increasingly important role, especially in the current context, as governments are trying to identify viable solutions to the energy crisis and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Worldwide, there is a growing interest in and support for green energy sources, a factor that could help accelerate the current energy transition. Despite these positive developments, much remains to be done globally to make the energy transition a reality. In this respect, the European Union member states have committed to a wide neutrality target by establishing an increase in the total share of energy from renewable sources to 55% (by 2030) and, at the same time, reducing the net greenhouse gas effect emissions by at least 55% until 2030 to reach the neutrality target by 2050. Green energy sources are essential for long-term efforts to mitigate climate change and will play an important role in improving energy security and accessibility. The efforts of every country to strengthen the energy sector through the development of green energies will reduce geopolitical risks and disproportionate external costs for society. The large-scale use of green energies will contribute to sustainable development. The objective of our research is to review the literature on green energy in the context of sustainable development by analyzing research conducted by various authors and international organizations on these topics. The period considered for this study is 2011–2020. Our research focused on the EU 27, but the review also took into account the results obtained by other countries worldwide, such as China, the USA, Norway, and Iceland. The main research method used was the analysis of scientific papers, studies developed by international organizations, and a wide set of agreements and political commitments assumed by different states for developing green energy as a solution for sustainable development. The obtained results show an interesting international debate about green energies and how they can contribute to sustainable development. This paper’s results also show that in 2019 at the global level, low-carbon energy sources, including nuclear power and renewable energy, accounted for 15.7% of primary energy (solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal and wave and tidal), while in 2021, for the EU 27, the share of energy from renewable sources reached 22%. According to international statistics, more than 90% of the governments of many countries are making investments to efficiently capitalize on green energy sources and to design new models of sustainable economic and social development, in order to lower pollution levels, reduce the dependence on fossil fuel imports and limit the climate change impact.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8573/pdf?version=1668596299

Overview of Green Energy as a Real Strategic Option for Sustainable Development

The rational utilization and circulation of multiple energy sources is an effective way to address the crises of energy shortages and environmental pollution. Herein, microextrusion compression molding, an industrialized polymer molding technology that combines melt blending and compression molding, is proposed for the mass production of a bioinspired micro/nanostructured polyethylene/poly(ethylene oxide)/graphene (MN-PPG) film. The MN-PPG film exhibits robust shape stability, high storage energy density, and excellent thermal management capability owing to the cocontinuous network formed by poly(ethylene oxide) and the polyethylene matrix. The MN-PPG film has sufficient photothermal property due to the uniformly dispersed graphene nanosheets and the bioinspired surface micro/nanostructures. Interestingly, the MN-PPG film surface exhibits durable superhydrophobicity, acid/alkali resistance, and active deicing performance. Further, a multifunctional energy harvesting and circulation system was established by integrating the MN-PPG film, an LED chip, and a thermoelectric module. The hybrid system produced an open-circuit voltage of 315.4 mV and power output of 2.5 W m-2 under 3 sun irradiation. Furthermore, the afterheat generated by the LED chips at night can be converted into electricity through thermoelectric conversion. The proposed method enables the large-scale fabrication of multifunctional phase change composites for energy harvesting in harsh environments.

Bioinspired Micro/Nanostructured Polyethylene/Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Graphene Films with Robust Superhydrophobicity and Excellent Antireflectivity for Solar-Thermal Power Generation, Thermal Management, and Afterheat Utilization.

Seidu Abdulai Jamatutu

Papers

Renewable energy sources from the perspective of blockchain integration: From theory to application

The dynamics of green supply chain management within the framework of renewable energy